"u.s.a"california penal code

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470. (a) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, knowing that
he or she has no authority to do so, signs the name of another
person or of a fictitious person to any of the items listed in
subdivision (d) is guilty of forgery.
(b) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, counterfeits or
forges the seal or handwriting of another is guilty of forgery.
(c) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, alters,
corrupts, or falsifies any record of any will, codicil, conveyance,
or other instrument, the record of which is by law evidence, or any
record of any judgment of a court or the return of any officer to any
process of any court, is guilty of forgery.
(d) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, falsely makes,
alters, forges, or counterfeits, utters, publishes, passes or
attempts or offers to pass, as true and genuine, any of the following
items, knowing the same to be false, altered, forged, or
counterfeited, is guilty of forgery: any check, bond, bank bill, or
note, cashier's check, traveler's check, money order, post note,
draft, any controller's warrant for the payment of money at the
treasury, county order or warrant, or request for the payment of
money, receipt for money or goods, bill of exchange, promissory note,
order, or any assignment of any bond, writing obligatory, or other
contract for money or other property, contract, due bill for payment
of money or property, receipt for money or property, passage ticket,
lottery ticket or share purporting to be issued under the California
State Lottery Act of 1984, trading stamp, power of attorney,
certificate of ownership or other document evidencing ownership of a
vehicle or undocumented vessel, or any certificate of any share,
right, or interest in the stock of any corporation or association, or
the delivery of goods or chattels of any kind, or for the delivery
of any instrument of writing, or acquittance, release or discharge of
any debt, account, suit, action, demand, or any other thing, real or
personal, or any transfer or assurance of money, certificate of
shares of stock, goods, chattels, or other property whatever, or any
letter of attorney, or other power to receive money, or to receive or
transfer certificates of shares of stock or annuities, or to let,
lease, dispose of, alien, or convey any goods, chattels, lands, or
tenements, or other estate, real or personal, or falsifies the
acknowledgment of any notary public, or any notary public who issues
an acknowledgment knowing it to be false; or any matter described in
subdivision (b).
(e) Upon a trial for forging any bill or note purporting to be the
bill or note of an incorporated company or bank, or for passing, or
attempting to pass, or having in possession with intent to pass, any
forged bill or note, it is not necessary to prove the incorporation
of the bank or company by the charter or act of incorporation, but it
may be proved by general reputation; and persons of skill are
competent witnesses to prove that the bill or note is forged or
counterfeited.



470a. Every person who alters, falsifies, forges, duplicates or in
any manner reproduces or counterfeits any driver's license or
identification card issued by a governmental agency with the intent
that such driver's license or identification card be used to
facilitate the commission of any forgery, is punishable by
imprisonment in the state prison, or by imprisonment in the county
jail for not more than one year.



470b. Every person who displays or causes or permits to be
displayed or has in his possession any driver's license or
identification card of the type enumerated in Section 470a with the
intent that such driver's license or identification card be used to
facilitate the commission of any forgery, is punishable by
imprisonment in the state prison, or by imprisonment in the county
jail for not more than one year.



471. Every person who, with intent to defraud another, makes,
forges, or alters any entry in any book of records, or any instrument
purporting to be any record or return specified in Section 470, is
guilty of forgery.


471.5. Any person who alters or modifies the medical record of any
person, with fraudulent intent, or who, with fraudulent intent,
creates any false medical record, is guilty of a misdemeanor.



472. Every person who, with intent to defraud another, forges, or
counterfeits the seal of this State, the seal of any public officer
authorized by law, the seal of any Court of record, or the seal of
any corporation, or any other public seal authorized or recognized by
the laws of this State, or of any other State, Government, or
country, or who falsely makes, forges, or counterfeits any impression
purporting to be an impression of any such seal, or who has in his
possession any such counterfeited seal or impression thereof, knowing
it to be counterfeited, and willfully conceals the same, is guilty
of forgery.


473. Forgery is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or
by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year.



474. Every person who knowingly and willfully sends by telegraph or
telephone to any person a false or forged message, purporting to be
from a telegraph or telephone office, or from any other person, or
who willfully delivers or causes to be delivered to any person any
such message falsely purporting to have been received by telegraph or
telephone, or who furnishes, or conspires to furnish, or causes to
be furnished to any agent, operator, or employee, to be sent by
telegraph or telephone, or to be delivered, any such message, knowing
the same to be false or forged, with the intent to deceive, injure,
or defraud another, is punishable by imprisonment in the state
prison, or in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by fine not
exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both such fine and
imprisonment.



475. (a) Every person who possesses or receives, with the intent to
pass or facilitate the passage or utterance of any forged, altered,
or counterfeit items, or completed items contained in subdivision (d)
of Section 470 with intent to defraud, knowing the same to be
forged, altered, or counterfeit, is guilty of forgery.
(b) Every person who possesses any blank or unfinished check,
note, bank bill, money order, or traveler's check, whether real or
fictitious, with the intention of completing the same or the
intention of facilitating the completion of the same, in order to
defraud any person, is guilty of forgery.
(c) Every person who possesses any completed check, money order,
traveler's check, warrant or county order, whether real or
fictitious, with the intent to utter or pass or facilitate the
utterance or passage of the same, in order to defraud any person, is
guilty of forgery.



476. Every person who makes, passes, utters, or publishes, with
intent to defraud any other person, or who, with the like intent,
attempts to pass, utter, or publish, or who has in his or her
possession, with like intent to utter, pass, or publish, any
fictitious or altered bill, note, or check, purporting to be the
bill, note, or check, or other instrument in writing for the payment
of money or property of any real or fictitious financial institution
as defined in Section 186.9 is guilty of forgery.



476a. (a) Any person who for himself or as the agent or
representative of another or as an officer of a corporation,
willfully, with intent to defraud, makes or draws or utters or
delivers any check, or draft or order upon any bank or depositary, or
person, or firm, or corporation, for the payment of money, knowing
at the time of such making, drawing, uttering, or delivering that the
maker or drawer or the corporation has not sufficient funds in, or
credit with said bank or depositary, or person, or firm, or
corporation, for the payment of such check, draft, or order and all
other checks, drafts, or orders upon such funds then outstanding, in
full upon its presentation, although no express representation is
made with reference thereto, is punishable by imprisonment in the
county jail for not more than one year, or in the state prison.
(b) However, if the total amount of all such checks, drafts, or
orders that the defendant is charged with and convicted of making,
drawing, or uttering does not exceed two hundred dollars ($200), the
offense is punishable only by imprisonment in the county jail for not
more than one year, except that this subdivision shall not be
applicable if the defendant has previously been convicted of a
violation of Section 470, 475, or 476, or of this section, or of the
crime of petty theft in a case in which defendant's offense was a
violation also of Section 470, 475, or 476 or of this section or if
the defendant has previously been convicted of any offense under the
laws of any other state or of the United States which, if committed
in this state, would have been punishable as a violation of Section
470, 475 or 476 or of this section or if he has been so convicted of
the crime of petty theft in a case in which, if defendant's offense
had been committed in this state, it would have been a violation also
of Section 470, 475, or 476, or of this section.
(c) Where such check, draft, or order is protested, on the ground
of insufficiency of funds or credit, the notice of protest thereof
shall be admissible as proof of presentation, nonpayment and protest
and shall be presumptive evidence of knowledge of insufficiency of
funds or credit with such bank or depositary, or person, or firm, or
corporation.
(d) In any prosecution under this section involving two or more
checks, drafts, or orders, it shall constitute prima facie evidence
of the identity of the drawer of a check, draft, or order if:
(1) At the time of the acceptance of such check, draft or order
from the drawer by the payee there is obtained from the drawer the
following information: name and residence of the drawer, business or
mailing address, either a valid driver's license number or
Department of Motor Vehicles identification card number, and the
drawer's home or work phone number or place of employment. Such
information may be recorded on the check, draft, or order itself or
may be retained on file by the payee and referred to on the check,
draft, or order by identifying number or other similar means; and
(2) The person receiving the check, draft, or order witnesses the
drawer's signature or endorsement, and, as evidence of that, initials
the check, draft, or order at the time of receipt.
(e) The word "credit" as used herein shall be construed to mean an
arrangement or understanding with the bank or depositary or person
or firm or corporation for the payment of such check, draft or order.

(f) If any of the preceding paragraphs, or parts thereof, shall be
found unconstitutional or invalid, the remainder of this section
shall not thereby be invalidated, but shall remain in full force and
effect.
(g) A sheriff's department, police department, or other law
enforcement agency may collect a fee from the defendant for
investigation, collection, and processing of checks referred to their
agency for investigation of alleged violations of this section or
Section 476.
The amount of the fee shall not exceed twenty-five dollars ($25)
for each bad check in addition to the amount of any bank charges
incurred by the victim as a result of the alleged offense. If the
sheriff's department, police department, or other law enforcement
agency collects any fee for bank charges incurred by the victim
pursuant to this section, that fee shall be paid to the victim for
any bank fees the victim may have been assessed. In no event shall
reimbursement of the bank charge to the victim pursuant to this
section exceed ten dollars ($10) per check.



477. Every person who counterfeits any of the species of gold or
silver coin current in this State, or any kind or species of gold
dust, gold or silver bullion, or bars, lumps, pieces, or nuggets, or
who sells, passes, or gives in payment such counterfeit coin, dust,
bullion, bars, lumps, pieces, or nuggets, or permits, causes, or
procures the same to be sold, uttered, or passed, with intention to
defraud any person, knowing the same to be counterfeited, is guilty
of counterfeiting.



478. Counterfeiting is punishable by imprisonment in the state
prison for two, three or four years.



479. Every person who has in his possession, or receives for any
other person, any counterfeit gold or silver coin of the species
current in this state, or any counterfeit gold dust, gold or silver
bullion or bars, lumps, pieces or nuggets, with the intention to
sell, utter, put off or pass the same, or permits, causes or procures
the same to be sold, uttered or passed, with intention to defraud
any person, knowing the same to be counterfeit, is punishable by
imprisonment in the state prison for two, three or four years.



480. (a) Every person who makes, or knowingly has in his or her
possession any die, plate, or any apparatus, paper, metal, machine,
or other thing whatever, made use of in counterfeiting coin current
in this state, or in counterfeiting gold dust, gold or silver bars,
bullion, lumps, pieces, or nuggets, or in counterfeiting bank notes
or bills, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for two,
three, or four years; and all dies, plates, apparatus, papers,
metals, or machines intended for the purpose aforesaid, must be
destroyed.
(b) (1) If the counterfeiting apparatus or machine used to violate
this section is a computer, computer system, or computer network,
the apparatus or machine shall be disposed of pursuant to Section
502.01.
(2) For the purposes of this section, "computer system" and
"computer network" have the same meaning as that specified in Section
502. The terms "computer, computer system, or computer network"
include any software or data residing on the computer, computer
system, or computer network used in a violation of this section.



481. Every person who counterfeits, forges, or alters any ticket,
check, order, coupon, receipt for fare, or pass, issued by any
railroad or steamship company, or by any lessee or manager thereof,
designed to entitle the holder to ride in the cars or vessels of such
company, or who utters, publishes, or puts into circulation, any
such counterfeit or altered ticket, check, or order, coupon, receipt
for fare, or pass, with intent to defraud any such railroad or
steamship company, or any lessee thereof, or any other person, is
punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or in the county
jail, not exceeding one year, or by fine not exceeding one thousand
dollars, or by both such imprisonment and fine.



481.1. (a) Every person who counterfeits, forges, or alters any
fare media designed to entitle the holder to a ride on vehicles of a
public transportation system, as defined by Section 99211 of the
Public Utilities Code, or on vehicles operated by entities subsidized
by the Department of Transportation is punishable by imprisonment in
a county jail, not exceeding one year, or in the state prison.
(b) Every person who knowingly possesses any counterfeit, forged,
or altered fare media designed to entitle the holder to a ride on
vehicles of a public transportation system, as defined by Section
99211 of the Public Utilities Code, or on vehicles operated by
entities subsidized by the Department of Transportation, or who
utters, publishes, or puts into circulation any fare media with
intent to defraud is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not
exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars
($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.



482. Every person who, for the purpose of restoring to its original
appearance and nominal value in whole or in part, removes, conceals,
fills up, or obliterates, the cuts, marks, punch-holes, or other
evidence of cancellation, from any ticket, check, order, coupon,
receipt for fare, or pass, issued by any railroad or steamship
company, or any lessee or manager thereof, canceled in whole or in
part, with intent to dispose of by sale or gift, or to circulate the
same, or with intent to defraud the railroad or steamship company, or
lessee thereof, or any other person, or who, with like intent to
defraud, offers for sale, or in payment of fare on the railroad or
vessel of the company, such ticket, check, order, coupon, or pass,
knowing the same to have been so restored, in whole or in part, is
punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six
months, or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by both
such imprisonment and fine.



483. Except as otherwise provided in Section 26002.5 of the
Government Code and Sections 40180.5 and 99151 of the Public
Utilities Code, any person, firm, corporation, partnership, or
association that shall sell to another any ticket, pass, scrip,
mileage or commutation book, coupon, or other instrument for passage
on a common carrier, for the use of any person not entitled to use
the same according to the terms thereof, or of the book or portion
thereof from which it was detached, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.



483.5. (a) No deceptive identification document shall be
manufactured, sold, offered for sale, furnished, offered to be
furnished, transported, offered to be transported, or imported or
offered to be imported into this state unless there is diagonally
across the face of the document, in not less than 14-point type and
printed conspicuously on the document in permanent ink, the following
statement:
NOT A GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT

and, also printed conspicuously on the document, the name of the
manufacturer.
(b) No document-making device may be possessed with the intent
that the device will be used to manufacture, alter, or authenticate a
deceptive identification document.
(c) As used in this section, "deceptive identification document"
means any document not issued by a governmental agency of this state,
another state, the federal government, a foreign government, a
political subdivision of a foreign government, an international
government, or an international quasi-governmental organization,
which purports to be, or which might deceive an ordinary reasonable
person into believing that it is, a document issued by such an
agency, including, but not limited to, a driver's license,
identification card, birth certificate, passport, or social security
card.
(d) As used in this section, "document-making device" includes,
but is not limited to, an implement, tool, equipment, impression,
laminate, card, template, computer file, computer disk, electronic
device, hologram, laminate machine or computer hardware or software.

(e) Any person who violates or proposes to violate this section
may be enjoined by any court of competent jurisdiction. Actions for
injunction under this section may be prosecuted by the Attorney
General, any district attorney, or any city attorney prosecuting on
behalf of the people of the State of California under Section 41803.5
of the Government Code in this state in the name of the people of
the State of California upon their own complaint or upon the
complaint of any person.
(f) Any person who violates the provisions of subdivision (a) who
knows or reasonably should know that the deceptive identification
document will be used for fraudulent purposes is guilty of a crime,
and upon conviction therefor, shall be punished by imprisonment in
the county jail not to exceed one year, or by imprisonment in the
state prison. Any person who violates the provisions of subdivision
(b) is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county
jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding one thousand
dollars ($1,000), or by both imprisonment and a fine. Any
document-making device may be seized by law enforcement and shall be
forfeited to law enforcement or destroyed by order of the court upon
a finding that the device was intended to be used to manufacture,
alter, or authenticate a deceptive identification document. The court
may make such a finding in the absence of a defendant for whom a
bench warrant has been issued by the court.
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[align=left]484. (a) Every person who shall feloniously steal, take, carry,
lead, or drive away the personal property of another, or who shall
fraudulently appropriate property which has been entrusted to him or
her, or who shall knowingly and designedly, by any false or
fraudulent representation or pretense, defraud any other person of
money, labor or real or personal property, or who causes or procures
others to report falsely of his or her wealth or mercantile character
and by thus imposing upon any person, obtains credit and thereby
fraudulently gets or obtains possession of money, or property or
obtains the labor or service of another, is guilty of theft. In
determining the value of the property obtained, for the purposes of
this section, the reasonable and fair market value shall be the test,
and in determining the value of services received the contract price
shall be the test. If there be no contract price, the reasonable
and going wage for the service rendered shall govern. For the
purposes of this section, any false or fraudulent representation or
pretense made shall be treated as continuing, so as to cover any
money, property or service received as a result thereof, and the
complaint, information or indictment may charge that the crime was
committed on any date during the particular period in question. The
hiring of any additional employee or employees without advising each
of them of every labor claim due and unpaid and every judgment that
the employer has been unable to meet shall be prima facie evidence of
intent to defraud.
(b) (1) Except as provided in Section 10855 of the Vehicle Code,
where a person has leased or rented the personal property of another
person pursuant to a written contract, and that property has a value
greater than one thousand dollars ($1,000) and is not a commonly used
household item, intent to commit theft by fraud shall be rebuttably
presumed if the person fails to return the personal property to its
owner within 10 days after the owner has made written demand by
certified or registered mail following the expiration of the lease or
rental agreement for return of the property so leased or rented.
(2) Except as provided in Section 10855 of the Vehicle Code, where
a person has leased or rented the personal property of another
person pursuant to a written contract, and where the property has a
value no greater than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or where the
property is a commonly used household item, intent to commit theft by
fraud shall be rebuttably presumed if the person fails to return the
personal property to its owner within 20 days after the owner has
made written demand by certified or registered mail following the
expiration of the lease or rental agreement for return of the
property so leased or rented.
(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (b), if one
presents with criminal intent identification which bears a false or
fictitious name or address for the purpose of obtaining the lease or
rental of the personal property of another, the presumption created
herein shall apply upon the failure of the lessee to return the
rental property at the expiration of the lease or rental agreement,
and no written demand for the return of the leased or rented property
shall be required.
(d) The presumptions created by subdivisions (b) and (c) are
presumptions affecting the burden of producing evidence.
(e) Within 30 days after the lease or rental agreement has
expired, the owner shall make written demand for return of the
property so leased or rented. Notice addressed and mailed to the
lessee or renter at the address given at the time of the making of
the lease or rental agreement and to any other known address shall
constitute proper demand. Where the owner fails to make such written
demand the presumption created by subdivision (b) shall not apply.



484.1. (a) Any person who knowingly gives false information or
provides false verification as to the person's true identity or as to
the person's ownership interest in property or the person's
authority to sell property in order to receive money or other
valuable consideration from a pawnbroker or secondhand dealer and who
receives money or other valuable consideration from the pawnbroker
or secondhand dealer is guilty of theft.
(b) Upon conviction of the offense described in subdivision (a),
the court may require, in addition to any sentence or fine imposed,
that the defendant make restitution to the pawnbroker or secondhand
dealer in an amount not exceeding the actual losses sustained
pursuant to the provisions of subdivision (c) of Section 13967 of the
Government Code, as operative on or before September 28, 1994, if
the defendant is denied probation, or Section 1203.04, as operative
on or before August 2, 1995, if the defendant is granted probation or
Section 1202.4.
(c) Upon the setting of a court hearing date for sentencing of any
person convicted under this section, the probation officer, if one
is assigned, shall notify the pawnbroker or secondhand dealer or coin
dealer of the time and place of the hearing.



484b. Any person who receives money for the purpose of obtaining or
paying for services, labor, materials or equipment and willfully
fails to apply such money for such purpose by either willfully
failing to complete the improvements for which funds were provided or
willfully failing to pay for services, labor, materials or equipment
provided incident to such construction, and wrongfully diverts the
funds to a use other than that for which the funds were received,
shall be guilty of a public offense and shall be punishable by a
fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment
in the state prison, or in the county jail not exceeding one year,
or by both such fine and such imprisonment if the amount diverted is
in excess of one thousand dollars ($1,000). If the amount diverted
is less than one thousand dollars ($1,000), the person shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor.



484c. Any person who submits a false voucher to obtain construction
loan funds and does not use the funds for the purpose for which the
claim was submitted is guilty of embezzlement.



484d. As used in this section and Sections 484e to 484j, inclusive:

(1) "Cardholder" means any person to whom an access card is issued
or any person who has agreed with the card issuer to pay obligations
arising from the issuance of an access card to another person.
(2) "Access card" means any card, plate, code, account number, or
other means of account access that can be used, alone or in
conjunction with another access card, to obtain money, goods,
services, or any other thing of value, or that can be used to
initiate a transfer of funds, other than a transfer originated solely
by a paper instrument.
(3) "Expired access card" means an access card which shows on its
face it has elapsed.
(4) "Card issuer" means any person who issues an access card or
the agent of that person with respect to that card.
(5) "Retailer" means every person who is authorized by an issuer
to furnish money, goods, services, or anything else of value upon
presentation of an access card by a cardholder.
(6) An access card is "incomplete" if part of the matter other
than the signature of the cardholder which an issuer requires to
appear on the access card before it can be used by a cardholder has
not been stamped, embossed, imprinted, or written on it.
(7) "Revoked access card" means an access card which is no longer
authorized for use by the issuer, that authorization having been
suspended or terminated and written notice thereof having been given
to the cardholder.
(8) "Counterfeit access card" means any access card that is
counterfeit, fictitious, altered, or forged, or any false
representation or depiction of an access card or a component thereof.

(9) "Traffic" means to transfer or otherwise dispose of property
to another, or to obtain control of property with intent to transfer
or dispose of it to another.
(10) "Card making equipment" means any equipment, machine, plate,
mechanism, impression, or other device designed, used, or intended to
be used to produce an access card.



484e. (a) Every person who, with intent to defraud, sells,
transfers, or conveys, an access card, without the cardholder's or
issuer's consent, is guilty of grand theft.
(b) Every person, other than the issuer, who within any
consecutive 12-month period, acquires access cards issued in the
names of four or more persons which he or she has reason to know were
taken or retained under circumstances which constitute a violation
of subdivision (a), (c), or (d) is guilty of grand theft.
(c) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, acquires or
retains possession of an access card without the cardholder's or
issuer's consent, with intent to use, sell, or transfer it to a
person other than the cardholder or issuer is guilty of petty theft.

(d) Every person who acquires or retains possession of access card
account information with respect to an access card validly issued to
another person, without the cardholder's or issuer's consent, with
the intent to use it fraudulently, is guilty of grand theft.



484f. (a) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, designs,
makes, alters, or embosses a counterfeit access card or utters or
otherwise attempts to use a counterfeit access card is guilty of
forgery.
(b) A person other than the cardholder or a person authorized by
him or her who, with the intent to defraud, signs the name of another
or of a fictitious person to an access card, sales slip, sales
draft, or instrument for the payment of money which evidences an
access card transaction, is guilty of forgery.



484g. Every person who, with the intent to defraud, (a) uses, for
the purpose of obtaining money, goods, services, or anything else of
value, an access card or access card account information that has
been altered, obtained, or retained in violation of Section 484e or
484f, or an access card which he or she knows is forged, expired, or
revoked, or (b) obtains money, goods, services, or anything else of
value by representing without the consent of the cardholder that he
or she is the holder of an access card and the card has not in fact
been issued, is guilty of theft. If the value of all money, goods,
services, and other things of value obtained in violation of this
section exceeds four hundred dollars ($400) in any consecutive
six-month period, then the same shall constitute grand theft.




484h. Every retailer or other person who, with intent to defraud:
(a) Furnishes money, goods, services or anything else of value
upon presentation of an access card obtained or retained in violation
of Section 484e or an access card which he or she knows is a
counterfeit access card or is forged, expired, or revoked, and who
receives any payment therefor, is guilty of theft. If the payment
received by the retailer or other person for all money, goods,
services, and other things of value furnished in violation of this
section exceeds four hundred dollars ($400) in any consecutive
six-month period, then the same shall constitute grand theft.
(b) Presents for payment a sales slip or other evidence of an
access card transaction, and receives payment therefor, without
furnishing in the transaction money, goods, services, or anything
else of value that is equal in value to the amount of the sales slip
or other evidence of an access card transaction, is guilty of theft.
If the difference between the value of all money, goods, services,
and anything else of value actually furnished and the payment or
payments received by the retailer or other person therefor upon
presentation of a sales slip or other evidence of an access card
transaction exceeds four hundred dollars ($400) in any consecutive
six-month period, then the same shall constitute grand theft.




484i. (a) Every person who possesses an incomplete access card,
with intent to complete it without the consent of the issuer, is
guilty of a misdemeanor.
(b) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, makes, alters,
varies, changes, or modifies access card account information on any
part of an access card, including information encoded in a magnetic
stripe or other medium on the access card not directly readable by
the human eye, or who authorizes or consents to alteration, variance,
change, or modification of access card account information by
another, in a manner that causes transactions initiated by that
access card to be charged or billed to a person other than the
cardholder to whom the access card was issued, is guilty of forgery.

(c) Every person who designs, makes, possesses, or traffics in
card making equipment or incomplete access cards with the intent that
the equipment or cards be used to make counterfeit access cards, is
punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one
year, or by imprisonment in the state prison.



484j. Any person who publishes the number or code of an existing,
canceled, revoked, expired or nonexistent access card, personal
identification number, computer password, access code, debit card
number, bank account number, or the numbering or coding which is
employed in the issuance of access cards, with the intent that it be
used or with knowledge or reason to believe that it will be used to
avoid the payment of any lawful charge, or with intent to defraud or
aid another in defrauding, is guilty of a misdemeanor. As used in
this section, "publishes" means the communication of information to
any one or more persons, either orally, in person or by telephone,
radio or television, or on a computer network or computer bulletin
board, or in a writing of any kind, including without limitation a
letter or memorandum, circular or handbill, newspaper or magazine
article, or book.



485. One who finds lost property under circumstances which give him
knowledge of or means of inquiry as to the true owner, and who
appropriates such property to his own use, or to the use of another
person not entitled thereto, without first making reasonable and just
efforts to find the owner and to restore the property to him, is
guilty of theft.



486. Theft is divided into two degrees, the first of which is
termed grand theft; the second, petty theft.



487. Grand theft is theft committed in any of the following cases:

(a) When the money, labor, or real or personal property taken is
of a value exceeding four hundred dollars ($400), except as provided
in subdivision (b).
(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), grand theft is committed in
any of the following cases:
(1) (A) When domestic fowls, avocados, olives, citrus or deciduous
fruits, other fruits, vegetables, nuts, artichokes, or other farm
crops are taken of a value exceeding one hundred dollars ($100).
(B) For the purposes of establishing that the value of avocados or
citrus fruit under this paragraph exceeds one hundred dollars
($100), that value may be shown by the presentation of credible
evidence which establishes that on the day of the theft avocados or
citrus fruit of the same variety and weight exceeded one hundred
dollars ($100) in wholesale value.
(2) When fish, shellfish, mollusks, crustaceans, kelp, algae, or
other aquacultural products are taken from a commercial or research
operation which is producing that product, of a value exceeding one
hundred dollars ($100).
(3) Where the money, labor, or real or personal property is taken
by a servant, agent, or employee from his or her principal or
employer and aggregates four hundred dollars ($400) or more in any 12
consecutive month period.
(c) When the property is taken from the person of another.
(d) When the property taken is any of the following:
(1) An automobile, horse, mare, gelding, any bovine animal, any
caprine animal, mule, jack, jenny, sheep, lamb, hog, sow, boar, gilt,
barrow, or pig.
(2) A firearm.
(e) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1997.



487a. (a) Every person who shall feloniously steal, take, transport
or carry the carcass of any bovine, caprine, equine, ovine, or suine
animal or of any mule, jack or jenny, which is the personal property
of another, or who shall fraudulently appropriate such property
which has been entrusted to him, is guilty of grand theft.
(b) Every person who shall feloniously steal, take, transport, or
carry any portion of the carcass of any bovine, caprine, equine,
ovine, or suine animal or of any mule, jack, or jenny, which has been
killed without the consent of the owner thereof, is guilty of grand
theft.


487b. Every person who converts real estate of the value of one
hundred dollars ($100) or more into personal property by severance
from the realty of another, and with felonious intent to do so,
steals, takes, and carries away such property is guilty of grand
theft and is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison.




487c. Every person who converts real estate of the value of less
than one hundred dollars ($100) into personal property by severance
from the realty of another, and with felonious intent to do so
steals, takes, and carries away such property is guilty of petty
theft and is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not
more than one year, or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars
($1,000), or by both such fine and imprisonment.



487d. Every person who feloniously steals, takes, and carries away,
or attempts to take, steal, and carry from any mining claim, tunnel,
sluice, undercurrent, riffle box, or sulfurate machine, another's
gold dust, amalgam, or quicksilver is guilty of grand theft and is
punishable by imprisonment in the state prison.


487e. Every person who feloniously steals, takes, or carries away a
dog of another which is of a value exceeding four hundred dollars
($400) is guilty of grand theft.



487f. Every person who feloniously steals, takes, or carries away a
dog of another which is of a value not exceeding four hundred
dollars ($400) is guilty of petty theft.



487g. Every person who steals or maliciously takes or carries away
any animal of another for purposes of sale, medical research,
slaughter, or other commercial use, or who knowingly, by any false
representation or pretense, defrauds another person of any animal for
purposes of sale, medical research, slaughter, or other commercial
use is guilty of a public offense punishable by imprisonment in a
county jail not exceeding one year or in the state prison.



487h. (a) Every person who steals, takes, or carries away cargo of
another, when the cargo taken is of a value exceeding four hundred
dollars ($400), except as provided in Sections 487, 487a, and 487d,
is guilty of grand theft.
(b) For the purposes of this section, "cargo" means any goods,
wares, products, or manufactured merchandise that has been loaded
into a trailer, railcar, or cargo container, awaiting or in transit.

(c) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1,
2010, and as of that date is repealed, unless a later enacted
statute, that is enacted before January 1, 2010, deletes or extends
that date.



488. Theft in other cases is petty theft.



489. Grand theft is punishable as follows:
(a) When the grand theft involves the theft of a firearm, by
imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, 2, or 3 years.
(b) In all other cases, by imprisonment in a county jail not
exceeding one year or in the state prison.



490. Petty theft is punishable by fine not exceeding one thousand
dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding
six months, or both.


490a. Wherever any law or statute of this state refers to or
mentions larceny, embezzlement, or stealing, said law or statute
shall hereafter be read and interpreted as if the word "theft" were
substituted therefor.


490.1. (a) Petty theft, where the value of the money, labor, real
or personal property taken is of a value which does not exceed fifty
dollars ($50), may be charged as a misdemeanor or an infraction, at
the discretion of the prosecutor, provided that the person charged
with the offense has no other theft or theft-related conviction.
(b) Any offense charged as an infraction under this section shall
be subject to the provisions of subdivision (d) of Section 17 and
Sections 19.6 and 19.7.
A violation which is an infraction under this section is
punishable by a fine not exceeding two hundred fifty dollars ($250).



490.5. (a) Upon a first conviction for petty theft involving
merchandise taken from a merchant's premises or a book or other
library materials taken from a library facility, a person shall be
punished by a mandatory fine of not less than fifty dollars ($50) and
not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) for each such violation;
and may also be punished by imprisonment in the county jail, not
exceeding six months, or both such fine and imprisonment.
(b) When an unemancipated minor's willful conduct would constitute
petty theft involving merchandise taken from a merchant's premises
or a book or other library materials taken from a library facility,
any merchant or library facility who has been injured by that conduct
may bring a civil action against the parent or legal guardian having
control and custody of the minor. For the purposes of those actions
the misconduct of the unemancipated minor shall be imputed to the
parent or legal guardian having control and custody of the minor.
The parent or legal guardian having control or custody of an
unemancipated minor whose conduct violates this subdivision shall be
jointly and severally liable with the minor to a merchant or to a
library facility for damages of not less than fifty dollars ($50) nor
more than five hundred dollars ($500), plus costs. In addition to
the foregoing damages, the parent or legal guardian shall be jointly
and severally liable with the minor to the merchant for the retail
value of the merchandise if it is not recovered in a merchantable
condition, or to a library facility for the fair market value of its
book or other library materials. Recovery of these damages may be
had in addition to, and is not limited by, any other provision of law
which limits the liability of a parent or legal guardian for the
tortious conduct of a minor. An action for recovery of damages,
pursuant to this subdivision, may be brought in small claims court if
the total damages do not exceed the jurisdictional limit of that
court, or in any other appropriate court; however, total damages,
including the value of the merchandise or book or other library
materials, shall not exceed five hundred dollars ($500) for each
action brought under this section.
The provisions of this subdivision are in addition to other civil
remedies and do not limit merchants or other persons to elect to
pursue other civil remedies, except that the provisions of Section
1714.1 of the Civil Code shall not apply herein.
(c) When an adult or emancipated minor has unlawfully taken
merchandise from a merchant's premises, or a book or other library
materials from a library facility, the adult or emancipated minor
shall be liable to the merchant or library facility for damages of
not less than fifty dollars ($50) nor more than five hundred dollars
($500), plus costs. In addition to the foregoing damages, the adult
or emancipated minor shall be liable to the merchant for the retail
value of the merchandise if it is not recovered in merchantable
condition, or to a library facility for the fair market value of its
book or other library materials. An action for recovery of damages,
pursuant to this subdivision, may be brought in small claims court if
the total damages do not exceed the jurisdictional limit of such
court, or in any other appropriate court. The provisions of this
subdivision are in addition to other civil remedies and do not limit
merchants or other persons to elect to pursue other civil remedies.
(d) In lieu of the fines prescribed by subdivision (a), any person
may be required to perform public services designated by the court,
provided that in no event shall any such person be required to
perform less than the number of hours of such public service
necessary to satisfy the fine assessed by the court as provided by
subdivision (a) at the minimum wage prevailing in the state at the
time of sentencing.
(e) All fines collected under this section shall be collected and
distributed in accordance with Sections 1463 and 1463.1 of the Penal
Code; provided, however, that a county may, by a majority vote of the
members of its board of supervisors, allocate any amount up to, but
not exceeding 50 percent of such fines to the county superintendent
of schools for allocation to local school districts. The fines
allocated shall be administered by the county superintendent of
schools to finance public school programs, which provide counseling
or other educational services designed to discourage shoplifting,
theft, and burglary. Subject to rules and regulations as may be
adopted by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, each county
superintendent of schools shall allocate such funds to school
districts within the county which submit project applications
designed to further the educational purposes of this section. The
costs of administration of this section by each county superintendent
of schools shall be paid from the funds allocated to the county
superintendent of schools.
(f) (1) A merchant may detain a person for a reasonable time for
the purpose of conducting an investigation in a reasonable manner
whenever the merchant has probable cause to believe the person to be
detained is attempting to unlawfully take or has unlawfully taken
merchandise from the merchant's premises.
A theater owner may detain a person for a reasonable time for the
purpose of conducting an investigation in a reasonable manner
whenever the theater owner has probable cause to believe the person
to be detained is attempting to operate a video recording device
within the premises of a motion picture theater without the authority
of the owner of the theater.
A person employed by a library facility may detain a person for a
reasonable time for the purpose of conducting an investigation in a
reasonable manner whenever the person employed by a library facility
has probable cause to believe the person to be detained is attempting
to unlawfully remove or has unlawfully removed books or library
materials from the premises of the library facility.
(2) In making the detention a merchant, theater owner, or a person
employed by a library facility may use a reasonable amount of
nondeadly force necessary to protect himself or herself and to
prevent escape of the person detained or the loss of tangible or
intangible property.
(3) During the period of detention any items which a merchant or
theater owner, or any items which a person employed by a library
facility has probable cause to believe are unlawfully taken from the
premises of the merchant or library facility, or recorded on theater
premises, and which are in plain view may be examined by the
merchant, theater owner, or person employed by a library facility for
the purposes of ascertaining the ownership thereof.
(4) A merchant, theater owner, a person employed by a library
facility, or an agent thereof, having probable cause to believe the
person detained was attempting to unlawfully take or has taken any
item from the premises, or was attempting to operate a video
recording device within the premises of a motion picture theater
without the authority of the owner of the theater, may request the
person detained to voluntarily surrender the item or recording.
Should the person detained refuse to surrender the recording or item
of which there is probable cause to believe has been recorded on or
unlawfully taken from the premises, or attempted to be recorded or
unlawfully taken from the premises, a limited and reasonable search
may be conducted by those authorized to make the detention in order
to recover the item. Only packages, shopping bags, handbags or other
property in the immediate possession of the person detained, but not
including any clothing worn by the person, may be searched pursuant
to this subdivision. Upon surrender or discovery of the item, the
person detained may also be requested, but may not be required, to
provide adequate proof of his or her true identity.
(5) If any person admitted to a theater in which a motion picture
is to be or is being exhibited, refuses or fails to give or surrender
possession or to cease operation of any video recording device that
the person has brought into or attempts to bring into that theater,
then a theater owner shall have the right to refuse admission to that
person or request that the person leave the premises and shall
thereupon offer to refund and, unless that offer is refused, refund
to that person the price paid by that person for admission to that
theater. If the person thereafter refuses to leave the theater or
cease operation of the video recording device, then the person shall
be deemed to be intentionally interfering with and obstructing those
attempting to carry on a lawful business within the meaning of
Section 602.1.
(6) A peace officer who accepts custody of a person arrested for
an offense contained in this section may, subsequent to the arrest,
search the person arrested and his or her immediate possessions for
any item or items alleged to have been taken.
(7) In any civil action brought by any person resulting from a
detention or arrest by a merchant, it shall be a defense to such
action that the merchant detaining or arresting such person had
probable cause to believe that the person had stolen or attempted to
steal merchandise and that the merchant acted reasonably under all
the circumstances.
In any civil action brought by any person resulting from a
detention or arrest by a theater owner or person employed by a
library facility, it shall be a defense to that action that the
theater owner or person employed by a library facility detaining or
arresting that person had probable cause to believe that the person
was attempting to operate a video recording device within the
premises of a motion picture theater without the authority of the
owner of the theater or had stolen or attempted to steal books or
library materials and that the person employed by a library facility
acted reasonably under all the circumstances.
(g) As used in this section:
(1) "Merchandise" means any personal property, capable of manual
delivery, displayed, held or offered for retail sale by a merchant.
(2) "Merchant" means an owner or operator, and the agent,
consignee, employee, lessee, or officer of an owner or operator, of
any premises used for the retail purchase or sale of any personal
property capable of manual delivery.
(3) "Theater owner" means an owner or operator, and the agent,
employee, consignee, lessee, or officer of an owner or operator, of
any premises used for the exhibition or performance of motion
pictures to the general public.
(4) The terms "book or other library materials" include any book,
plate, picture, photograph, engraving, painting, drawing, map,
newspaper, magazine, pamphlet, broadside, manuscript, document,
letter, public record, microform, sound recording, audiovisual
material in any format, magnetic or other tape, electronic
data-processing record, artifact, or other documentary, written or
printed material regardless of physical form or characteristics, or
any part thereof, belonging to, on loan to, or otherwise in the
custody of a library facility.
(5) The term "library facility" includes any public library; any
library of an educational, historical or eleemosynary institution,
organization or society; any museum; any repository of public
records.
(h) Any library facility shall post at its entrance and exit a
conspicuous sign to read as follows:

"IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE THEFT OF BOOKS AND LIBRARY MATERIALS,
STATE LAW AUTHORIZES THE DETENTION FOR A REASONABLE PERIOD OF ANY
PERSON USING THESE FACILITIES SUSPECTED OF COMMITTING "LIBRARY THEFT"
(PENAL CODE SECTION 490.5)."



490.6. (a) A person employed by an amusement park may detain a
person for a reasonable time for the purpose of conducting an
investigation in a reasonable manner whenever the person employed by
the amusement park has probable cause to believe the person to be
detained is violating lawful amusement park rules.
(b) If any person admitted to an amusement park refuses or fails
to follow lawful amusement park rules, after being so informed, then
an amusement park employee may request that the person either comply
or leave the premises. If the person refuses to leave the premises
or comply with lawful park rules, then the person shall be deemed to
be intentionally interfering with and obstructing those attempting to
carry on a lawful business within the meaning of Section 602.1.
(c) In any civil action brought by any person resulting from a
detention or an arrest by a person employed by an amusement park, it
shall be a defense to that action that the amusement park employee
detaining or arresting the person had probable cause to believe that
the person was not following lawful amusement park rules and that the
amusement park employee acted reasonably under all the
circumstances.



490.7. (a) The Legislature finds that free newspapers provide a key
source of information to the public, in many cases providing an
important alternative to the news and ideas expressed in other local
media sources. The Legislature further finds that the unauthorized
taking of multiple copies of free newspapers, whether done to sell
them to recycling centers, to injure a business competitor, to
deprive others of the opportunity to read them, or for any other
reason, injures the rights of readers, writers, publishers, and
advertisers, and impoverishes the marketplace of ideas in California.

(b) No person shall take more than twenty-five (25) copies of the
current issue of a free or complimentary newspaper if done with the
intent to do one or more of the following:
(1) Recycle the newspapers for cash or other payment.
(2) Sell or barter the newspaper.
(3) Deprive others of the opportunity to read or enjoy the
newspaper.
(4) Harm a business competitor.
(c) This section does not apply to the owner or operator of the
newsrack in which the copies are placed, the owner or operator of the
property on which the newsrack is placed, the publisher, the
printer, the distributor, the deliverer of the newspaper, or to any
advertiser in that issue, or to any other person who has the express
permission to do so from any of these entities.
(d) Any newspaper publisher may provide express permission to take
more than twenty-five (25) copies of the current issue of a free or
complimentary newspaper by indicating on the newsrack or in the
newspaper itself, that people may take a greater number of copies if
they wish.
(e) A first violation of subdivision (b) shall be an infraction
punishable by a fine not exceeding two hundred fifty dollars ($250).
A second or subsequent violation shall be punishable as an infraction
or a misdemeanor. A misdemeanor conviction under this section is
punishable by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars ($500),
imprisonment of up to 10 days in a county jail, or by both that fine
and imprisonment. The court may order community service in lieu of
the punishment otherwise provided for an infraction or misdemeanor in
the amount of 20 hours for an infraction, and 40 hours for a
misdemeanor. A misdemeanor conviction under this section shall not
constitute a conviction for petty theft.
(f) This section shall not be construed to repeal, modify, or
weaken any existing legal prohibitions against the taking of private
property.
(g) For purposes of this section, an issue is current if no more
than half of the period of time until the distribution of the next
issue has passed.



491. Dogs are personal property, and their value is to be
ascertained in the same manner as the value of other property.



492. If the thing stolen consists of any evidence of debt, or other
written instrument, the amount of money due thereupon, or secured to
be paid thereby, and remaining unsatisfied, or which in any
contingency might be collected thereon, or the value of the property
the title to which is shown thereby, or the sum which might be
recovered in the absence thereof, is the value of the thing stolen.



493. If the thing stolen is any ticket or other paper or writing
entitling or purporting to entitle the holder or proprietor thereof
to a passage upon any railroad or vessel or other public conveyance,
the price at which tickets entitling a person to a like passage are
usually sold by the proprietors of such conveyance is the value of
such ticket, paper, or writing.



494. All the provisions of this Chapter apply where the property
taken is an instrument for the payment of money, evidence of debt,
public security, or passage ticket, completed and ready to be issued
or delivered, although the same has never been issued or delivered by
the makers thereof to any person as a purchaser or owner.




495. The provisions of this Chapter apply where the thing taken is
any fixture or part of the realty, and is severed at the time of the
taking, in the same manner as if the thing had been severed by
another person at some previous time.


496. (a) Every person who buys or receives any property that has
been stolen or that has been obtained in any manner constituting
theft or extortion, knowing the property to be so stolen or obtained,
or who conceals, sells, withholds, or aids in concealing, selling,
or withholding any property from the owner, knowing the property to
be so stolen or obtained, shall be punished by imprisonment in a
state prison, or in a county jail for not more than one year.
However, if the district attorney or the grand jury determines that
this action would be in the interests of justice, the district
attorney or the grand jury, as the case may be, may, if the value of
the property does not exceed four hundred dollars ($400), specify in
the accusatory pleading that the offense shall be a misdemeanor,
punishable only by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one
year.
A principal in the actual theft of the property may be convicted
pursuant to this section. However, no person may be convicted both
pursuant to this section and of the theft of the same property.
(b) Every swap meet vendor, as defined in Section 21661 of the
Business and Professions Code, and every person whose principal
business is dealing in, or collecting, merchandise or personal
property, and every agent, employee, or representative of that
person, who buys or receives any property of a value in excess of
four hundred dollars ($400) that has been stolen or obtained in any
manner constituting theft or extortion, under circumstances that
should cause the person, agent, employee, or representative to make
reasonable inquiry to ascertain that the person from whom the
property was bought or received had the legal right to sell or
deliver it, without making a reasonable inquiry, shall be punished by
imprisonment in a state prison, or in a county jail for not more
than one year.
Every swap meet vendor, as defined in Section 21661 of the
Business and Professions Code, and every person whose principal
business is dealing in, or collecting, merchandise or personal
property, and every agent, employee, or representative of that
person, who buys or receives any property of a value of four hundred
dollars ($400) or less that has been stolen or obtained in any manner
constituting theft or extortion, under circumstances that should
cause the person, agent, employee, or representative to make
reasonable inquiry to ascertain that the person from whom the
property was bought or received had the legal right to sell or
deliver it, without making a reasonable inquiry, shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor.
(c) Any person who has been injured by a violation of subdivision
(a) or (b) may bring an action for three times the amount of actual
damages, if any, sustained by the plaintiff, costs of suit, and
reasonable attorney's fees.
(d) Notwithstanding Section 664, any attempt to commit any act
prohibited by this section, except an offense specified in the
accusatory pleading as a misdemeanor, is punishable by imprisonment
in the state prison, or in a county jail for not more than one year.



496a. (a) Every person who, being a dealer in or collector of junk,
metals or secondhand materials, or the agent, employee, or
representative of such dealer or collector, buys or receives any
wire, cable, copper, lead, solder, mercury, iron or brass which he
knows or reasonably should know is ordinarily used by or ordinarily
belongs to a railroad or other transportation, telephone, telegraph,
gas, water or electric light company or county, city, city and county
or other political subdivision of this state engaged in furnishing
public utility service without using due diligence to ascertain that
the person selling or delivering the same has a legal right to do so,
is guilty of criminally receiving such property, and is punishable,
by imprisonment in a state prison, or in a county jail for not more
than one year, or by a fine of not more than two hundred fifty
dollars ($250), or by both such fine and imprisonment.
(b) Any person buying or receiving material pursuant to
subdivision (a) shall obtain evidence of his identity from the seller
including, but not limited to, such person's full name, signature,
address, driver's license number, vehicle license number, and the
license number of the vehicle delivering the material.
The record of the transaction shall include an appropriate
description of the material purchased and such record shall be
maintained pursuant to Section 21607 of the Business and Professions
Code.



496b. Every person who, being a dealer in or collector of
second-hand books or other literary material, or the agent, employee
or representative of such dealer, or collector, buys or receives any
book, manuscript, map, chart, or other work of literature, belonging
to, and bearing any mark or indicia of ownership by a public or
incorporated library, college or university, without ascertaining by
diligent inquiry that the person selling or delivering the same has a
legal right to do so, is guilty of criminally receiving such
property in the first degree if such property be of the value of more
than fifty dollars, and is punishable by imprisonment in the county
jail for not more than one year, or by a fine of not more than twice
the value of the property received, or by both such fine and
imprisonment; and is guilty of criminally receiving such property in
the second degree if such property be of the value of fifty dollars
or under, and is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for
not more than one month, or by a fine of not more than twice the
value of the property received, or by both such fine and
imprisonment.



496c. Any person who shall copy, transcribe, photograph or
otherwise make a record or memorandum of the contents of any private
and unpublished paper, book, record, map or file, containing
information relating to the title to real property or containing
information used in the business of examining, certifying or insuring
titles to real property and belonging to any person, firm or
corporation engaged in the business of examining, certifying, or
insuring titles to real property, without the consent of the owner of
such paper, book, record, map or file, and with the intent to use
the same or the contents thereof, or to dispose of the same or the
contents thereof to others for use, in the business of examining,
certifying, or insuring titles to real property, shall be guilty of
theft, and any person who shall induce another to violate the
provisions of this section by giving, offering, or promising to such
another any gift, gratuity, or thing of value or by doing or
promising to do any act beneficial to such another, shall be guilty
of theft; and any person who shall receive or acquire from another
any copy, transcription, photograph or other record or memorandum of
the contents of any private and unpublished paper, book, record, map
or file containing information relating to the title to real property
or containing information used in the business of examining,
certifying or insuring titles to real property, with the knowledge
that the same or the contents thereof has or have been acquired,
prepared or compiled in violation of this section shall be guilty of
theft. The contents of any such private and unpublished paper, book,
record, map or file is hereby defined to be personal property, and
in determining the value thereof for the purposes of this section the
cost of aquiring and compiling the same shall be the test.




496d. (a) Every person who buys or receives any motor vehicle, as
defined in Section 415 of the Vehicle Code, any trailer, as defined
in Section 630 of the Vehicle Code, any special construction
equipment, as defined in Section 565 of the Vehicle Code, or any
vessel, as defined in Section 21 of the Harbors and Navigation Code,
that has been stolen or that has been obtained in any manner
constituting theft or extortion, knowing the property to be stolen or
obtained, or who conceals, sells, withholds, or aids in concealing,
selling, or withholding any motor vehicle, trailer, special
construction equipment, or vessel from the owner, knowing the
property to be so stolen or obtained, shall be punished by
imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months or two or three years
or a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or both,
or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year or a fine
of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both.
(b) For the purposes of this section, the terms "special
construction equipment" and "vessel" are limited to motorized
vehicles and vessels.


496e. Any person who buys or receives, for purposes of salvage, any
part of a fire hydrant or fire department connection, including, but
not limited to, bronze or brass fittings and parts, that has been
stolen or obtained in any manner constituting theft or extortion,
knowing the property to be so stolen or obtained, shall, in addition
to any other penalty provided by law, be subject to a criminal fine
of not more than three thousand dollars ($3,000).



497. Every person who, in another state or country steals or
embezzles the property of another, or receives such property knowing
it to have been stolen or embezzled, and brings the same into this
state, may be convicted and punished in the same manner as if such
larceny, or embezzlement, or receiving, had been committed in this
state.



498. (a) The following definitions govern the construction of this
section:
(1) "Person" means any individual, or any partnership, firm,
association, corporation, limited liability company, or other legal
entity.
(2) "Utility" means any electrical, gas, or water corporation as
those terms are defined in the Public Utilities Code, and electrical,
gas, or water systems operated by any political subdivision.
(3) "Customer" means the person in whose name utility service is
provided.
(4) "Utility service" means the provision of electricity, gas,
water, or any other service provided by the utility for compensation.

(5) "Divert" means to change the intended course or path of
electricity, gas, or water without the authorization or consent of
the utility.
(6) "Tamper" means to rearrange, injure, alter, interfere with, or
otherwise prevent from performing a normal or customary function.
(7) "Reconnection" means the reconnection of utility service by a
customer or other person after service has been lawfully disconnected
by the utility.
(b) Any person who, with intent to obtain for himself or herself
utility services without paying the full lawful charge therefor, or
with intent to enable another person to do so, or with intent to
deprive any utility of any part of the full lawful charge for utility
services it provides, commits, authorizes, solicits, aids, or abets
any of the following shall be guilty of a misdemeanor:
(1) Diverts or causes to be diverted utility services, by any
means whatsoever.
(2) Prevents any utility meter, or other device used in
determining the charge for utility services, from accurately
performing its measuring function by tampering or by any other means.

(3) Tampers with any property owned by or used by the utility to
provide utility services.
(4) Makes or causes to be made any connection with or reconnection
with property owned or used by the utility to provide utility
services without the authorization or consent of the utility.
(5) Uses or receives the direct benefit of all or a portion of
utility services with knowledge or reason to believe that the
diversion, tampering, or unauthorized connection existed at the time
of that use, or that the use or receipt was otherwise without the
authorization or consent of the utility.
(c) In any prosecution under this section, the presence of any of
the following objects, circumstances, or conditions on premises
controlled by the customer or by the person using or receiving the
direct benefit of all or a portion of utility services obtained in
violation of this section shall permit an inference that the customer
or person intended to and did violate this section:
(1) Any instrument, apparatus, or device primarily designed to be
used to obtain utility services without paying the full lawful charge
therefor.
(2) Any meter that has been altered, tampered with, or bypassed so
as to cause no measurement or inaccurate measurement of utility
services.
(d) If the value of all utility services obtained in violation of
this section totals more than four hundred dollars ($400) or if the
defendant has previously been convicted of an offense under this
section or any former section which would be an offense under this
section, or of an offense under the laws of another state or of the
United States which would have been an offense under this section if
committed in this state, then the violation is punishable by
imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year, or in the
state prison.
(e) This section shall not be construed to preclude the
applicability of any other provision of the criminal law of this
state.


499. (a) Any person who, having been convicted of a previous
violation of Section 10851 of the Vehicle Code, or of subdivision (d)
of Section 487, involving a vehicle or vessel, and having served a
term therefor in any penal institution or having been imprisoned
therein as a condition of probation for the offense, is subsequently
convicted of a violation of Section 499b, involving a vehicle or
vessel, is punishable for the subsequent offense by imprisonment in
the county jail not exceeding one year or the state prison for 16
months, two, or three years.
(b) Any person convicted of a violation of Section 499b, who has
been previously convicted under charges separately brought and tried
two or more times of a violation of Section 499b, all such violations
involving a vehicle or vessel, and who has been imprisoned therefore
as a condition of probation or otherwise at least once, is
punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one
year or in the state prison for 16 months, two, or three years.
(c) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1997.



499b. (a) Any person who shall, without the permission of the owner
thereof, take any bicycle for the purpose of temporarily using or
operating the same, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be
punishable by a fine not exceeding four hundred dollars ($400), or by
imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding three months, or by both
that fine and imprisonment.
(b) Any person who shall, without the permission of the owner
thereof, take any vessel for the purpose of temporarily using or
operating the same, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be
punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or
by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both
that fine and imprisonment.



499c. (a) As used in this section:
(1) "Access" means to approach, a way or means of approaching,
nearing, admittance to, including to instruct, communicate with,
store information in, or retrieve information from a computer system
or computer network.
(2) "Article" means any object, material, device, or substance or
copy thereof, including any writing, record, recording, drawing,
sample, specimen, prototype, model, photograph, micro-organism,
blueprint, map, or tangible representation of a computer program or
information, including both human and computer readable information
and information while in transit.
(3) "Benefit" means gain or advantage, or anything regarded by the
beneficiary as gain or advantage, including benefit to any other
person or entity in whose welfare he or she is interested.
(4) "Computer system" means a machine or collection of machines,
one or more of which contain computer programs and information, that
performs functions, including, but not limited to, logic, arithmetic,
information storage and retrieval, communications, and control.
(5) "Computer network" means an interconnection of two or more
computer systems.
(6) "Computer program" means an ordered set of instructions or
statements, and related information that, when automatically executed
in actual or modified form in a computer system, causes it to
perform specified functions.
(7) "Copy" means any facsimile, replica, photograph or other
reproduction of an article, and any note, drawing or sketch made of
or from an article.
(8) "Representing" means describing, depicting, containing,
constituting, reflecting or recording.
(9) "Trade secret" means information, including a formula,
pattern, compilation, program, device, method, technique, or process,
that:
(A) Derives independent economic value, actual or potential, from
not being generally known to the public or to other persons who can
obtain economic value from its disclosure or use; and
(B) Is the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the
circumstances to maintain its secrecy.
(b) Every person is guilty of theft who, with intent to deprive or
withhold the control of a trade secret from its owner, or with an
intent to appropriate a trade secret to his or her own use or to the
use of another, does any of the following:
(1) Steals, takes, carries away, or uses without authorization, a
trade secret.
(2) Fraudulently appropriates any article representing a trade
secret entrusted to him or her.
(3) Having unlawfully obtained access to the article, without
authority makes or causes to be made a copy of any article
representing a trade secret.
(4) Having obtained access to the article through a relationship
of trust and confidence, without authority and in breach of the
obligations created by that relationship, makes or causes to be made,
directly from and in the presence of the article, a copy of any
article representing a trade secret.
(c) Every person who promises, offers or gives, or conspires to
promise or offer to give, to any present or former agent, employee or
servant of another, a benefit as an inducement, bribe or reward for
conveying, delivering or otherwise making available an article
representing a trade secret owned by his or her present or former
principal, employer or master, to any person not authorized by the
owner to receive or acquire the trade secret and every present or
former agent, employee, or servant, who solicits, accepts, receives
or takes a benefit as an inducement, bribe or reward for conveying,
delivering or otherwise making available an article representing a
trade secret owned by his or her present or former principal,
employer or master, to any person not authorized by the owner to
receive or acquire the trade secret, shall be punished by
imprisonment in the state prison, or in a county jail not exceeding
one year, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000),
or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(d) In a prosecution for a violation of this section, it shall be
no defense that the person returned or intended to return the
article.



499d. Any person who operates or takes an aircraft not his own,
without the consent of the owner thereof, and with intent to either
permanently or temporarily deprive the owner thereof of his title to
or possession of such vehicle, whether with or without intent to
steal the same, or any person who is a party or accessory to or an
accomplice in any operation or unauthorized taking or stealing is
guilty of a felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by
imprisonment in the state prison, or in the county jail for not more
than one year or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars
($10,000) or by both such fine and imprisonment.



500. (a) Any person who receives money for the actual or purported
purpose of transmitting the same or its equivalent to foreign
countries as specified in Section 1800.5 of the Financial Code who
fails to do at least one of the following acts unless otherwise
instructed by the customer is guilty of a misdemeanor or felony as
set forth in subdivision (b):
(1) Forward the money as represented to the customer within 10
days of receipt of the funds.
(2) Give instructions within 10 days of receipt of the customer's
funds, committing equivalent funds to the person designated by the
customer.
(3) Refund to the customer any money not forwarded as represented
within 10 days of the customer's written request for a refund
pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 1810.5 of the Financial Code.

(b) (1) If the total value of the funds received from the customer
is less than four hundred dollars ($400), the offense set forth in
subdivision (a) is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not
exceeding one year or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars
($1,000), or by both imprisonment and fine.
(2) If the total value of the money received from the customer is
four hundred dollars ($400) or more, or if the total value of all
moneys received by the person from different customers is four
hundred dollars ($400), or more and the receipts were part of a
common scheme or plan, the offense set forth in subdivision (a) is
punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, 2, or 3
years, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by
both imprisonment and fine.



501. Upon a trial for larceny or embezzlement of money, bank notes,
certificates of stock, or valuable securities, the allegation of the
indictment or information, so far as regards the description of the
property, is sustained, if the offender be proved to have embezzled
or stolen any money, bank notes, certificates of stock, or valuable
security, although the particular species of coin or other money, or
the number, denomination, or kind of bank notes, certificates of
stock, or valuable security, is not proved; and upon a trial for
embezzlement, if the offender is proved to have embezzled any piece
of coin or other money, any bank note, certificate of stock, or
valuable security, although the piece of coin or other money, or bank
note, certificate of stock, or valuable security, may have been
delivered to him or her in order that some part of the value thereof
should be returned to the party delivering the same, and such part
shall have been returned accordingly.



502. (a) It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this
section to expand the degree of protection afforded to individuals,
businesses, and governmental agencies from tampering, interference,
damage, and unauthorized access to lawfully created computer data and
computer systems. The Legislature finds and declares that the
proliferation of computer technology has resulted in a concomitant
proliferation of computer crime and other forms of unauthorized
access to computers, computer systems, and computer data.
The Legislature further finds and declares that protection of the
integrity of all types and forms of lawfully created computers,
computer systems, and computer data is vital to the protection of the
privacy of individuals as well as to the well-being of financial
institutions, business concerns, governmental agencies, and others
within this state that lawfully utilize those computers, computer
systems, and data.
(b) For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the
following meanings:
(1) "Access" means to gain entry to, instruct, or communicate with
the logical, arithmetical, or memory function resources of a
computer, computer system, or computer network.
(2) "Computer network" means any system that provides
communications between one or more computer systems and input/output
devices including, but not limited to, display terminals and printers
connected by telecommunication facilities.
(3) "Computer program or software" means a set of instructions or
statements, and related data, that when executed in actual or
modified form, cause a computer, computer system, or computer network
to perform specified functions.
(4) "Computer services" includes, but is not limited to, computer
time, data processing, or storage functions, or other uses of a
computer, computer system, or computer network.
(5) "Computer system" means a device or collection of devices,
including support devices and excluding calculators that are not
programmable and capable of being used in conjunction with external
files, one or more of which contain computer programs, electronic
instructions, input data, and output data, that performs functions
including, but not limited to, logic, arithmetic, data storage and
retrieval, communication, and control.
(6) "Data" means a representation of information, knowledge,
facts, concepts, computer software, computer programs or
instructions. Data may be in any form, in storage media, or as
stored in the memory of the computer or in transit or presented on a
display device.
(7) "Supporting documentation" includes, but is not limited to,
all information, in any form, pertaining to the design, construction,
classification, implementation, use, or modification of a computer,
computer system, computer network, computer program, or computer
software, which information is not generally available to the public
and is necessary for the operation of a computer, computer system,
computer network, computer program, or computer software.
(8) "Injury" means any alteration, deletion, damage, or
destruction of a computer system, computer network, computer program,
or data caused by the access, or the denial of access to legitimate
users of a computer system, network, or program.
(9) "Victim expenditure" means any expenditure reasonably and
necessarily incurred by the owner or lessee to verify that a computer
system, computer network, computer program, or data was or was not
altered, deleted, damaged, or destroyed by the access.
(10) "Computer contaminant" means any set of computer instructions
that are designed to modify, damage, destroy, record, or transmit
information within a computer, computer system, or computer network
without the intent or permission of the owner of the information.
They include, but are not limited to, a group of computer
instructions commonly called viruses or worms, that are
self-replicating or self-propagating and are designed to contaminate
other computer programs or computer data, consume computer resources,
modify, destroy, record, or transmit data, or in some other fashion
usurp the normal operation of the computer, computer system, or
computer network.
(11) "Internet domain name" means a globally unique, hierarchical
reference to an Internet host or service, assigned through
centralized Internet naming authorities, comprising a series of
character strings separated by periods, with the rightmost character
string specifying the top of the hierarchy.
(c) Except as provided in subdivision (h), any person who commits
any of the following acts is guilty of a public offense:
(1) Knowingly accesses and without permission alters, damages,
deletes, destroys, or otherwise uses any data, computer, computer
system, or computer network in order to either (A) devise or execute
any scheme or artifice to defraud, deceive, or extort, or (B)
wrongfully control or obtain money, property, or data.
(2) Knowingly accesses and without permission takes, copies, or
makes use of any data from a computer, computer system, or computer
network, or takes or copies any supporting documentation, whether
existing or residing internal or external to a computer, computer
system, or computer network.
(3) Knowingly and without permission uses or causes to be used
computer services.
(4) Knowingly accesses and without permission adds, alters,
damages, deletes, or destroys any data, computer software, or
computer programs which reside or exist internal or external to a
computer, computer system, or computer network.
(5) Knowingly and without permission disrupts or causes the
disruption of computer services or denies or causes the denial of
computer services to an authorized user of a computer, computer
system, or computer network.
(6) Knowingly and without permission provides or assists in
providing a means of accessing a computer, computer system, or
computer network in violation of this section.
(7) Knowingly and without permission accesses or causes to be
accessed any computer, computer system, or computer network.
(8) Knowingly introduces any computer contaminant into any
computer, computer system, or computer network.
(9) Knowingly and without permission uses the Internet domain name
of another individual, corporation, or entity in connection with the
sending of one or more electronic mail messages, and thereby damages
or causes damage to a computer, computer system, or computer
network.
(d) (1) Any person who violates any of the provisions of paragraph
(1), (2), (4), or (5) of subdivision (c) is punishable by a fine not
exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in the
state prison for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both that
fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand
dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding
one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(2) Any person who violates paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) is
punishable as follows:
(A) For the first violation that does not result in injury, and
where the value of the computer services used does not exceed four
hundred dollars ($400), by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars
($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one
year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(B) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an
amount greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000) or in an injury,
or if the value of the computer services used exceeds four hundred
dollars ($400), or for any second or subsequent violation, by a fine
not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in
the state prison for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both
that fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand
dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding
one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(3) Any person who violates paragraph (6) or (7) of subdivision
(c) is punishable as follows:
(A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, an
infraction punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars
($1,000).
(B) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an
amount not greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000), or for a
second or subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding five thousand
dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding
one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(C) For any violation that results in a victim expenditure in an
amount greater than five thousand dollars ($5,000), by a fine not
exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in the
state prison for 16 months, or two or three years, or by both that
fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand
dollars ($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding
one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(4) Any person who violates paragraph (8) of subdivision (c) is
punishable as follows:
(A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, a
misdemeanor punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars
($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year,
or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(B) For any violation that results in injury, or for a second or
subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars
($10,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one
year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment.

(5) Any person who violates paragraph (9) of subdivision (c) is
punishable as follows:
(A) For a first violation that does not result in injury, an
infraction punishable by a fine not one thousand dollars.
(B) For any violation that results in injury, or for a second or
subsequent violation, by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars
($5,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year,
or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(e) (1) In addition to any other civil remedy available, the owner
or lessee of the computer, computer system, computer network,
computer program, or data who suffers damage or loss by reason of a
violation of any of the provisions of subdivision (c) may bring a
civil action against the violator for compensatory damages and
injunctive relief or other equitable relief. Compensatory damages
shall include any expenditure reasonably and necessarily incurred by
the owner or lessee to verify that a computer system, computer
network, computer program, or data was or was not altered, damaged,
or deleted by the access. For the purposes of actions authorized by
this subdivision, the conduct of an unemancipated minor shall be
imputed to the parent or legal guardian having control or custody of
the minor, pursuant to the provisions of Section 1714.1 of the Civil
Code.
(2) In any action brought pursuant to this subdivision the court
may award reasonable attorney's fees.
(3) A community college, state university, or academic institution
accredited in this state is required to include computer-related
crimes as a specific violation of college or university student
conduct policies and regulations that may subject a student to
disciplinary sanctions up to and including dismissal from the
academic institution. This paragraph shall not apply to the
University of California unless the Board of Regents adopts a
resolution to that effect.
(4) In any action brought pursuant to this subdivision for a
willful violation of the provisions of subdivision (c), where it is
proved by clear and convincing evidence that a defendant has been
guilty of oppression, fraud, or malice as defined in subdivision (c)
of Section 3294 of the Civil Code, the court may additionally award
punitive or exemplary damages.
(5) No action may be brought pursuant to this subdivision unless
it is initiated within three years of the date of the act complained
of, or the date of the discovery of the damage, whichever is later.
(f) This section shall not be construed to preclude the
applicability of any other provision of the criminal law of this
state which applies or may apply to any transaction, nor shall it
make illegal any employee labor relations activities that are within
the scope and protection of state or federal labor laws.
(g) Any computer, computer system, computer network, or any
software or data, owned by the defendant, that is used during the
commission of any public offense described in subdivision (c) or any
computer, owned by the defendant, which is used as a repository for
the storage of software or data illegally obtained in violation of
subdivision (c) shall be subject to forfeiture, as specified in
Section 502.01.
(h) (1) Subdivision (c) does not apply to punish any acts which
are committed by a person within the scope of his or her lawful
employment. For purposes of this section, a person acts within the
scope of his or her employment when he or she performs acts which are
reasonably necessary to the performance of his or her work
assignment.
(2) Paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) does not apply to penalize
any acts committed by a person acting outside of his or her lawful
employment, provided that the employee's activities do not cause an
injury, as defined in paragraph (8) of subdivision (b), to the
employer or another, or provided that the value of supplies or
computer services, as defined in paragraph (4) of subdivision (b),
which are used does not exceed an accumulated total of one hundred
dollars ($100).
(i) No activity exempted from prosecution under paragraph (2) of
subdivision (h) which incidentally violates paragraph (2), (4), or
(7) of subdivision (c) shall be prosecuted under those paragraphs.
(j) For purposes of bringing a civil or a criminal action under
this section, a person who causes, by any means, the access of a
computer, computer system, or computer network in one jurisdiction
from another jurisdiction is deemed to have personally accessed the
computer, computer system, or computer network in each jurisdiction.

(k) In determining the terms and conditions applicable to a person
convicted of a violation of this section the court shall consider
the following:
(1) The court shall consider prohibitions on access to and use of
computers.
(2) Except as otherwise required by law, the court shall consider
alternate sentencing, including community service, if the defendant
shows remorse and recognition of the wrongdoing, and an inclination
not to repeat the offense.



502.01. (a) As used in this section:
(1) "Property subject to forfeiture" means any property of the
defendant that is illegal telecommunications equipment as defined in
subdivision (g) of Section 502.8, or a computer, computer system, or
computer network, and any software or data residing thereon, if the
telecommunications device, computer, computer system, or computer
network was used in committing a violation of, or conspiracy to
commit a violation of, subdivision (b) of Section 272, Section 288,
288.2, 311.1, 311.2, 311.3, 311.4, 311.5, 311.10, 311.11, 422, 470,
470a, 472, 475, 476, 480, 483.5, 484g, or subdivision (a), (b), or
(d) of Section 484e, subdivision (a) of Section 484f, subdivision (b)
or (c) of Section 484i, subdivision (c) of Section 502, or Section
502.7, 502.8, 529, 529a, or 530.5, 537e, 593d, 593e, or 646.9, or was
used as a repository for the storage of software or data obtained in
violation of those provisions. Forfeiture shall not be available for
any property used solely in the commission of an infraction. If the
defendant is a minor, it also includes property of the parent or
guardian of the defendant.
(2) "Sentencing court" means the court sentencing a person found
guilty of violating or conspiring to commit a violation of
subdivision (b) of Section 272, Section 288, 288.2, 311.1, 311.2,
311.3, 311.4, 311.5, 311.10, 311.11, 422, 470, 470a, 472, 475, 476,
480, 483.5, 484g, or subdivision (a), (b), or (d) of Section 484e,
subdivision (d) of Section 484e, subdivision (a) of Section 484f,
subdivision (b) or (c) of Section 484i, subdivision (c) of Section
502, or Section 502.7, 502.8, 529, 529a, 530.5, 537e, 593d, 593e, or
646.9, or, in the case of a minor, found to be a person described in
Section 602 of the Welfare and Institutions Code because of a
violation of those provisions, the juvenile court.
(3) "Interest" means any property interest in the property subject
to forfeiture.
(4) "Security interest" means an interest that is a lien,
mortgage, security interest, or interest under a conditional sales
contract.
(5) "Value" has the following meanings:
(A) When counterfeit items of computer software are manufactured
or possessed for sale, the "value" of those items shall be equivalent
to the retail price or fair market price of the true items that are
counterfeited.
(B) When counterfeited but unassembled components of computer
software packages are recovered, including, but not limited to,
counterfeited computer diskettes, instruction manuals, or licensing
envelopes, the "value" of those components of computer software
packages shall be equivalent to the retail price or fair market price
of the number of completed computer software packages that could
have been made from those components.
(b) The sentencing court shall, upon petition by the prosecuting
attorney, at any time following sentencing, or by agreement of all
parties, at the time of sentencing, conduct a hearing to determine
whether any property or property interest is subject to forfeiture
under this section. At the forfeiture hearing, the prosecuting
attorney shall have the burden of establishing, by a preponderance of
the evidence, that the property or property interests are subject to
forfeiture. The prosecuting attorney may retain seized property that
may be subject to forfeiture until the sentencing hearing.
(c) Prior to the commencement of a forfeiture proceeding, the law
enforcement agency seizing the property subject to forfeiture shall
make an investigation as to any person other than the defendant who
may have an interest in it. At least 30 days before the hearing to
determine whether the property should be forfeited, the prosecuting
agency shall send notice of the hearing to any person who may have an
interest in the property that arose before the seizure.
A person claiming an interest in the property shall file a motion
for the redemption of that interest at least 10 days before the
hearing on forfeiture, and shall send a copy of the motion to the
prosecuting agency and to the probation department.
If a motion to redeem an interest has been filed, the sentencing
court shall hold a hearing to identify all persons who possess valid
interests in the property. No person shall hold a valid interest in
the property if, by a preponderance of the evidence, the prosecuting
agency shows that the person knew or should have known that the
property was being used in violation of, or conspiracy to commit a
violation of, subdivision (b) of Section 272, Section 288, 288.2,
311.1, 311.2, 311.3, 311.4, 311.5, 311.10, 311.11, 470, 470a, 472,
475, 476, 480, 483.5, 484g, or subdivision (a), (b), or (d) of
Section 484e, subdivision (a) of Section 484f, subdivision (b) or (c)
of Section 484i, subdivision (c) of Section 502, or Section 502.7,
502.8, 529, 529a, 530.5, 537e, 593d, 593e, or 646.9, and that the
person did not take reasonable steps to prevent that use, or if the
interest is a security interest, the person knew or should have known
at the time that the security interest was created that the property
would be used for a violation.
(d) If the sentencing court finds that a person holds a valid
interest in the property, the following provisions shall apply:
(1) The court shall determine the value of the property.
(2) The court shall determine the value of each valid interest in
the property.
(3) If the value of the property is greater than the value of the
interest, the holder of the interest shall be entitled to ownership
of the property upon paying the court the difference between the
value of the property and the value of the valid interest.
If the holder of the interest declines to pay the amount
determined under paragraph (2), the court may order the property sold
and designate the prosecutor or any other agency to sell the
property. The designated agency shall be entitled to seize the
property and the holder of the interest shall forward any
documentation underlying the interest, including any ownership
certificates for that property, to the designated agency. The
designated agency shall sell the property and pay the owner of the
interest the proceeds, up to the value of that interest.
(4) If the value of the property is less than the value of the
interest, the designated agency shall sell the property and pay the
owner of the interest the proceeds, up to the value of that interest.

(e) If the defendant was a minor at the time of the offense, this
subdivision shall apply to property subject to forfeiture that is the
property of the parent or guardian of the minor.
(1) The prosecuting agency shall notify the parent or guardian of
the forfeiture hearing at least 30 days before the date set for the
hearing.
(2) The computer or telecommunications device shall not be subject
to forfeiture if the parent or guardian files a signed statement
with the court at least 10 days before the date set for the hearing
that the minor shall not have access to any computer or
telecommunications device owned by the parent or guardian for two
years after the date on which the minor is sentenced.
(3) If the minor is convicted of a violation of Section 288,
288.2, 311.1, 311.2, 311.3, 311.4, 311.5, 311.10, 311.11, 470, 470a,
472, 476, 480, or subdivision (b) of Section 484e, subdivision (d) of
Section 484e, subdivision (a) of Section 484f, subdivision (b) of
Section 484i, subdivision (c) of Section 502, or Section 502.7,
502.8, 529, 529a, or 530.5, within two years after the date on which
the minor is sentenced, and the violation involves a computer or
telecommunications device owned by the parent or guardian, the
original property subject to forfeiture, and the property involved in
the new offense, shall be subject to forfeiture notwithstanding
paragraph (2).
(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), (2), or (3), or any other
provision of this chapter, if a minor's parent or guardian makes full
restitution to the victim of a crime enumerated in this chapter in
an amount or manner determined by the court, the forfeiture
provisions of this chapter do not apply to the property of that
parent or guardian if the property was located in the family's
primary residence during the commission of the crime.
(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the court
may exercise its discretion to deny forfeiture where the court finds
that the convicted defendant, or minor adjudicated to come within
the jurisdiction of the juvenile court, is not likely to use the
property otherwise subject to forfeiture for future illegal acts.
(g) If the defendant is found to have the only valid interest in
the property subject to forfeiture, it shall be distributed as
follows:
(1) First, to the victim, if the victim elects to take the
property as full or partial restitution for injury, victim
expenditures, or compensatory damages, as defined in paragraph (1) of
subdivision (e) of Section 502. If the victim elects to receive the
property under this paragraph, the value of the property shall be
determined by the court and that amount shall be credited against the
restitution owed by the defendant. The victim shall not be penalized
for electing not to accept the forfeited property in lieu of full or
partial restitution.
(2) Second, at the discretion of the court, to one or more of the
following agencies or entities:
(A) The prosecuting agency.
(B) The public entity of which the prosecuting agency is a part.
(C) The public entity whose officers or employees conducted the
investigation resulting in forfeiture.
(D) Other state and local public entities, including school
districts.
(E) Nonprofit charitable organizations.
(h) If the property is to be sold, the court may designate the
prosecuting agency or any other agency to sell the property at
auction. The proceeds of the sale shall be distributed by the court
as follows:
(1) To the bona fide or innocent purchaser or encumbrancer,
conditional sales vendor, or mortgagee of the property up to the
amount of his or her interest in the property, if the court orders a
distribution to that person.
(2) The balance, if any, to be retained by the court, subject to
the provisions for distribution under subdivision (g).



502.5. Every person who, after mortgaging or encumbering by deed of
trust any real property, and during the existence of such mortgage
or deed of trust, or after such mortgaged or encumbered property
shall have been sold under an order and decree of foreclosure or at
trustee's sale, and with intent to defraud or injure the mortgagee or
the beneficiary or trustee, under such deed of trust, his
representatives, successors or assigns, or the purchaser of such
mortgaged or encumbered premises at such foreclosure or trustee's
sale, his representatives, successors or assigns, takes, removes or
carries away from such mortgaged or encumbered premises, or otherwise
disposes of or permits the taking, removal or carrying away or
otherwise disposing of any house, barn, windmill, water tank, pump,
engine or other part of the freehold that is attached or affixed to
such premises as an improvement thereon, without the written consent
of the mortgagee or beneficiary, under deed of trust, his
representatives, successors or assigns, or the purchaser at such
foreclosure or trustee's sale, his representatives, successors or
assigns, is guilty of larceny and shall be punished accordingly.



502.6. (a) Any person who knowingly, willfully, and with the intent
to defraud, possesses a scanning device, or who knowingly,
willfully, and with intent to defraud, uses a scanning device to
access, read, obtain, memorize or store, temporarily or permanently,
information encoded on the magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card
without the permission of the authorized user of the payment card is
guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a term in a county jail not
to exceed one year, or a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or
both the imprisonment and fine.
(b) Any person who knowingly, willfully, and with the intent to
defraud, possesses a reencoder, or who knowingly, willfully, and with
intent to defraud, uses a reencoder to place encoded information on
the magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card or any electronic
medium that allows an authorized transaction to occur, without the
permission of the authorized user of the payment card from which the
information is being reencoded is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable
by a term in a county jail not to exceed one year, or a fine of one
thousand dollars ($1,000), or both the imprisonment and fine.
(c) Any scanning device or reencoder described in subdivision (e)
owned by the defendant and possessed or used in violation of
subdivision (a) or (b) may be seized and be destroyed as contraband
by the sheriff of the county in which the scanning device or
reencoder was seized.
(d) Any computer, computer system, computer network, or any
software or data, owned by the defendant, which is used during the
commission of any public offense described in this section or any
computer, owned by the defendant, which is used as a repository for
the storage of software or data illegally obtained in violation of
this section shall be subject to forfeiture.
(e) As used in this section, the following definitions apply:
(1) "Scanning device" means a scanner, reader, or any other
electronic device that is used to access, read, scan, obtain,
memorize, or store, temporarily or permanently, information encoded
on the magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card.
(2) "Reencoder" means an electronic device that places encoded
information from the magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card on to
the magnetic strip or stripe of a different payment card.
(3) "Payment card" means a credit card, debit card, or any other
card that is issued to an authorized user and that allows the user to
obtain, purchase, or receive goods, services, money, or anything
else of value.
(f) Nothing in this section shall preclude prosecution under any
other provision of law.



502.7. (a) Any person who, knowingly, willfully, and with intent to
defraud a person providing telephone or telegraph service, avoids or
attempts to avoid, or aids, abets or causes another to avoid the
lawful charge, in whole or in part, for telephone or telegraph
service by any of the following means is guilty of a misdemeanor or a
felony, except as provided in subdivision (g):
(1) By charging the service to an existing telephone number or
credit card number without the authority of the subscriber thereto or
the lawful holder thereof.
(2) By charging the service to a nonexistent telephone number or
credit card number, or to a number associated with telephone service
which is suspended or terminated, or to a revoked or canceled (as
distinguished from expired) credit card number, notice of the
suspension, termination, revocation, or cancellation of the telephone
service or credit card having been given to the subscriber thereto
or the holder thereof.
(3) By use of a code, prearranged scheme, or other similar
stratagem or device whereby the person, in effect, sends or receives
information.
(4) By rearranging, tampering with, or making connection with
telephone or telegraph facilities or equipment, whether physically,
electrically, acoustically, inductively, or otherwise, or by using
telephone or telegraph service with knowledge or reason to believe
that the rearrangement, tampering, or connection existed at the time
of the use.
(5) By using any other deception, false pretense, trick, scheme,
device, conspiracy, or means, including the fraudulent use of false,
altered, or stolen identification.
(b) Any person who does either of the following is guilty of a
misdemeanor or a felony, except as provided in subdivision (g):
(1) Makes, possesses, sells, gives, or otherwise transfers to
another, or offers or advertises any instrument, apparatus, or device
with intent to use it or with knowledge or reason to believe it is
intended to be used to avoid any lawful telephone or telegraph toll
charge or to conceal the existence or place of origin or destination
of any telephone or telegraph message.
(2) Sells, gives, or otherwise transfers to another or offers, or
advertises plans or instructions for making or assembling an
instrument, apparatus, or device described in paragraph (1) of this
subdivision with knowledge or reason to believe that they may be used
to make or assemble the instrument, apparatus, or device.
(c) Any person who publishes the number or code of an existing,
canceled, revoked, expired, or nonexistent credit card, or the
numbering or coding which is employed in the issuance of credit
cards, with the intent that it be used or with knowledge or reason to
believe that it will be used to avoid the payment of any lawful
telephone or telegraph toll charge is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Subdivision (g) shall not apply to this subdivision. As used in this
section, "publishes" means the communication of information to any
one or more persons, either orally, in person or by telephone, radio,
or television, or electronic means, including, but not limited to, a
bulletin board system, or in a writing of any kind, including
without limitation a letter or memorandum, circular or handbill,
newspaper, or magazine article, or book.
(d) Any person who is the issuee of a calling card, credit card,
calling code, or any other means or device for the legal use of
telecommunications services and who receives anything of value for
knowingly allowing another person to use the means or device in order
to fraudulently obtain telecommunications services is guilty of a
misdemeanor or a felony, except as provided in subdivision (g).
(e) Subdivision (a) applies when the telephone or telegraph
communication involved either originates or terminates, or both
originates and terminates, in this state, or when the charges for
service would have been billable, in normal course, by a person
providing telephone or telegraph service in this state, but for the
fact that the charge for service was avoided, or attempted to be
avoided, by one or more of the means set forth in subdivision (a).
(f) Jurisdiction of an offense under this section is in the
jurisdictional territory where the telephone call or telegram
involved in the offense originates or where it terminates, or the
jurisdictional territory to which the bill for the service is sent or
would have been sent but for the fact that the service was obtained
or attempted to be obtained by one or more of the means set forth in
subdivision (a).
(g) Theft of any telephone or telegraph services under this
section by a person who has a prior misdemeanor or felony conviction
for theft of services under this section within the past five years,
is a felony.
(h) Any person or telephone company defrauded by any acts
prohibited under this section shall be entitled to restitution for
the entire amount of the charges avoided from any person or persons
convicted under this section.
(i) Any instrument, apparatus, device, plans, instructions, or
written publication described in subdivision (b) or (c) may be seized
under warrant or incident to a lawful arrest, and, upon the
conviction of a person for a violation of subdivision (a), (b), or
(c), the instrument, apparatus, device, plans, instructions, or
written publication may be destroyed as contraband by the sheriff of
the county in which the person was convicted or turned over to the
person providing telephone or telegraph service in the territory in
which it was seized.
(j) Any computer, computer system, computer network, or any
software or data, owned by the defendant, which is used during the
commission of any public offense described in this section or any
computer, owned by the defendant, which is used as a repository for
the storage of software or data illegally obtained in violation of
this section shall be subject to forfeiture.



502.8. (a) Any person who knowingly advertises illegal
telecommunications equipment is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(b) Any person who possesses or uses illegal telecommunications
equipment intending to avoid the payment of any lawful charge for
telecommunications service or to facilitate other criminal conduct is
guilty of a misdemeanor.
(c) Any person found guilty of violating subdivision (b), who has
previously been convicted of the same offense, shall be guilty of a
felony, punishable by imprisonment in state prison, a fine of up to
fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or both.
(d) Any person who possesses illegal telecommunications equipment
with intent to sell, transfer, or furnish or offer to sell, transfer,
or furnish the equipment to another, intending to avoid the payment
of any lawful charge for telecommunications service or to facilitate
other criminal conduct is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by one
year in a county jail or imprisonment in state prison or a fine of up
to ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or both.
(e) Any person who possesses 10 or more items of illegal
telecommunications equipment with intent to sell or offer to sell the
equipment to another, intending to avoid payment of any lawful
charge for telecommunications service or to facilitate other
criminal conduct, is guilty of a felony, punishable by imprisonment
in state prison, a fine of up to fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or
both.
(f) Any person who manufactures 10 or more items of illegal
telecommunications equipment with intent to sell or offer to sell the
equipment to another, intending to avoid the payment of any lawful
charge for telecommunications service or to facilitate other
criminal conduct is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment in
state prison or a fine of up to fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or
both.
(g) For purposes of this section, "illegal telecommunications
equipment" means equipment that operates to evade the lawful charges
for any telecommunications service; surrepticiously intercept
electronic serial numbers or mobile identification numbers; alter
electronic serial numbers; circumvent efforts to confirm legitimate
access to a telecommunications account; conceal from any
telecommunications service provider or lawful authority the
existence, place of origin, or destination of any telecommunication;
or otherwise facilitate any other criminal conduct. "Illegal
telecommunications equipment" includes, but is not limited to, any
unauthorized electronic serial number or mobile identification
number, whether incorporated into a wireless telephone or other
device or otherwise. Items specified in this paragraph shall be
considered illegal telecommunications equipment notwithstanding any
statement or disclaimer that the items are intended for educational,
instructional, or similar purposes.
(h) (1) In the event that a person violates the provisions of this
section with the intent to avoid the payment of any lawful charge
for telecommunications service to a telecommunications service
provider, the court shall order the person to pay restitution to the
telecommunications service provider in an amount that is the greater
of the following:
(A) Five thousand dollars ($5,000).
(B) Three times the amount of actual damages, if any, sustained by
the telecommunications service provider, plus reasonable attorney
fees.
(2) It is not a necessary prerequisite to an order of restitution
under this section that the telecommunications service provider has
suffered, or be threatened with, actual damages.




502.9. Upon conviction of a felony violation under this chapter,
the fact that the victim was an elder or dependent person, as defined
in Section 288, shall be considered a circumstance in aggravation
when imposing a term under subdivision (b) of Section 1170.[/align]

[هيثم الفقى]

[align=left]503. Embezzlement is the fraudulent appropriation of property by a
person to whom it has been intrusted.



504. Every officer of this state, or of any county, city, city and
county, or other municipal corporation or subdivision thereof, and
every deputy, clerk, or servant of that officer, and every officer,
director, trustee, clerk, servant, or agent of any association,
society, or corporation (public or private), who fraudulently
appropriates to any use or purpose not in the due and lawful
execution of that person's trust, any property in his or her
possession or under his or her control by virtue of that trust, or
secretes it with a fraudulent intent to appropriate it to that use or
purpose, is guilty of embezzlement.



504a. Every person who shall fraudulently remove, conceal or
dispose of any goods, chattels or effects, leased or let to him by
any instrument in writing, or any personal property or effects of
another in his possession, under a contract of purchase not yet
fulfilled, and any person in possession of such goods, chattels, or
effects knowing them to be subject to such lease or contract of
purchase who shall so remove, conceal or dispose of the same with
intent to injure or defraud the lessor or owner thereof, is guilty of
embezzlement.


504b. Where under the terms of a security agreement, as defined in
paragraph (73) of subdivision (a) of Section 9102 of the Commercial
Code, the debtor has the right to sell the property covered thereby
and is to account to the secured party for, and pay to the secured
party the indebtedness secured by the security agreement from, the
proceeds of the sale of any of the property, and where the debtor,
having sold the property covered by the security agreement and having
received the proceeds of the sale, willfully and wrongfully, and
with the intent to defraud, fails to pay to the secured party the
amounts due under the security agreement, or the proceeds of the
sale, whichever is the lesser amount, and appropriates the money to
his or her own use, the debtor shall be guilty of embezzlement and
shall be punishable as provided in Section 514.



505. Every carrier or other person having under his control
personal property for the purpose of transportation for hire, who
fraudulently appropriates it to any use or purpose inconsistent with
the safe keeping of such property and its transportation according to
his trust, is guilty of embezzlement, whether he has broken the
package in which such property is contained, or has otherwise
separated the items thereof, or not.



506. Every trustee, banker, merchant, broker, attorney, agent,
assignee in trust, executor, administrator, or collector, or person
otherwise intrusted with or having in his control property for the
use of any other person, who fraudulently appropriates it to any use
or purpose not in the due and lawful execution of his trust, or
secretes it with a fraudulent intent to appropriate it to such use or
purpose, and any contractor who appropriates money paid to him for
any use or purpose, other than for that which he received it, is
guilty of embezzlement, and the payment of laborers and materialmen
for work performed or material furnished in the performance of any
contract is hereby declared to be the use and purpose to which the
contract price of such contract, or any part thereof, received by the
contractor shall be applied.



506a. Any person who, acting as collector, or acting in any
capacity in or about a business conducted for the collection of
accounts or debts owing by another person, and who violates Section
506 of the Penal Code, shall be deemed to be an agent or person as
defined in Section 506, and subject for a violation of Section 506,
to be prosecuted, tried, and punished in accordance therewith and
with law; and "collector" means every such person who collects, or
who has in his or her possession or under his or her control property
or money for the use of any other person, whether in his or her own
name and mixed with his or her own property or money, or otherwise,
or whether he or she has any interest, direct or indirect, in or to
such property or money, or any portion thereof, and who fraudulently
appropriates to his or her own use, or the use of any person other
than the true owner, or person entitled thereto, or secretes that
property or money, or any portion thereof, or interest therein not
his or her own, with a fraudulent intent to appropriate it to any use
or purpose not in the due and lawful execution of his or her trust.




506b. Any person who violates Section 2985.3 or 2985.4 of the Civil
Code, relating to real property sales contracts, is guilty of a
public offense punishable by a fine not exceeding ten thousand
dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in the state prison, or in the
county jail not exceeding one year, or by both such fine and
imprisonment.



507. Every person intrusted with any property as bailee, tenant, or
lodger, or with any power of attorney for the sale or transfer
thereof, who fraudulently converts the same or the proceeds thereof
to his own use, or secretes it or them with a fraudulent intent to
convert to his own use, is guilty of embezzlement.



508. Every clerk, agent, or servant of any person who fraudulently
appropriates to his own use, or secretes with a fraudulent intent to
appropriate to his own use, any property of another which has come
into his control or care by virtue of his employment as such clerk,
agent, or servant, is guilty of embezzlement.


509. A distinct act of taking is not necessary to constitute
embezzlement.


510. Any evidence of debt, negotiable by delivery only, and
actually executed, is the subject of embezzlement, whether it has
been delivered or issued as a valid instrument or not.



511. Upon any indictment for embezzlement, it is a sufficient
defense that the property was appropriated openly and avowedly, and
under a claim of title preferred in good faith, even though such
claim is untenable. But this provision does not excuse the unlawful
retention of the property of another to offset or pay demands held
against him.



512. The fact that the accused intended to restore the property
embezzled, is no ground of defense or mitigation of punishment, if it
has not been restored before an information has been laid before a
magistrate, or an indictment found by a grand jury, charging the
commission of the offense.



513. Whenever, prior to an information laid before a magistrate, or
an indictment found by a grand jury, charging the commission of
embezzlement, the person accused voluntarily and actually restores or
tenders restoration of the property alleged to have been embezzled,
or any part thereof, such fact is not a ground of defense, but it
authorizes the court to mitigate punishment, in its discretion.




514. Every person guilty of embezzlement is punishable in the
manner prescribed for theft of property of the value or kind
embezzled; and where the property embezzled is an evidence of debt or
right of action, the sum due upon it or secured to be paid by it
must be taken as its value; if the embezzlement or defalcation is of
the public funds of the United States, or of this state, or of any
county or municipality within this state, the offense is a felony,
and is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison; and the person
so convicted is ineligible thereafter to any office of honor, trust,
or profit in this state.


515. Upon conviction of a felony violation under this chapter, the
fact that the victim was an elder or dependent person, as defined in
Section 288, shall be considered a circumstance in aggravation when
imposing a term under subdivision (b) of Section 1170.[/align]

[هيثم الفقى]

[align=left]


518. Extortion is the obtaining of property from another, with his
consent, or the obtaining of an official act of a public officer,
induced by a wrongful use of force or fear, or under color of
official right.


519. Fear, such as will constitute extortion, may be induced by a
threat, either:
1. To do an unlawful injury to the person or property of the
individual threatened or of a third person; or,
2. To accuse the individual threatened, or any relative of his, or
member of his family, of any crime; or,
3. To expose, or to impute to him or them any deformity, disgrace
or crime; or,
4. To expose any secret affecting him or them.



520. Every person who extorts any money or other property from
another, under circumstances not amounting to robbery or carjacking,
by means of force, or any threat, such as is mentioned in Section
519, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for two,
three or four years.



521. Every person who commits any extortion under color of official
right, in cases for which a different punishment is not prescribed
in this Code, is guilty of a misdemeanor.



522. Every person who, by any extortionate means, obtains from
another his signature to any paper or instrument, whereby, if such
signature were freely given, any property would be transferred, or
any debt, demand, charge, or right of action created, is punishable
in the same manner as if the actual delivery of such debt, demand,
charge, or right of action were obtained.



523. Every person who, with intent to extort any money or other
property from another, sends or delivers to any person any letter or
other writing, whether subscribed or not, expressing or implying, or
adapted to imply, any threat such as is specified in Section 519, is
punishable in the same manner as if such money or property were
actually obtained by means of such threat.



524. Every person who attempts, by means of any threat, such as is
specified in Section 519 of this code, to extort money or other
property from another is punishable by imprisonment in the county
jail not longer than one year or in the state prison or by fine not
exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both such fine and
imprisonment.



525. Upon conviction of a felony violation under this chapter, the
fact that the victim was an elder or dependent person, as defined in
Section 288, shall be considered a circumstance in aggravation when
imposing a term under subdivision (b) of Section 1170.



526. Any person, who, with intent to obtain from another person any
money, article of personal property or other thing of value,
delivers or causes to be delivered to the other person any paper,
document or written, typed or printed form purporting to be an order
or other process of a court, or designed or calculated by its
writing, typing or printing, or the arrangement thereof, to cause or
lead the other person to believe it to be an order or other process
of a court, when in fact such paper, document or written, typed or
printed form is not an order or process of a court, is guilty of a
misdemeanor, and each separate delivery of any paper, document or
written, typed or printed form shall constitute a separate offense.




527. Any person who shall sell or offer for sale, print, publish,
or distribute any paper, document or written, typed or printed form,
designed or calculated by its writing, typing or printing, or the
arrangement thereof, to cause or lead any person to believe it to be,
or that it will be used as an order or other process of a court when
in fact such paper, document or written, typed or printed form is
not to be used as the order or process of a court, is guilty of a
misdemeanor, and each separate publication, printing, distribution,
sale or offer to sell any such paper, document or written, typed or
printed form shall constitute a separate offense, and upon conviction
thereof in addition to any other sentence imposed the court may
order that all such papers or documents or written, typed or printed
forms in the possession or under the control of the person found
guilty of such misdemeanor shall be delivered to such court or the
clerk thereof for destruction.

[/align]

[هيثم الفقى]

[align=left]


528. Every person who falsely personates another, and in such
assumed character marries or pretends to marry, or to sustain the
marriage relation towards another, with or without the connivance of
such other, is guilty of a felony.


529. Every person who falsely personates another in either his
private or official capacity, and in such assumed character either:
1. Becomes bail or surety for any party in any proceeding
whatever, before any court or officer authorized to take such bail or
surety;
2. Verifies, publishes, acknowledges, or proves, in the name of
another person, any written instrument, with intent that the same may
be recorded, delivered, or used as true; or,
3. Does any other act whereby, if done by the person falsely
personated, he might, in any event, become liable to any suit or
prosecution, or to pay any sum of money, or to incur any charge,
forfeiture, or penalty, or whereby any benefit might accrue to the
party personating, or to any other person;
Is punishable by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars
($10,000), or by imprisonment in the state prison, or in a county
jail not exceeding one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.



529a. Every person who manufactures, produces, sells, offers, or
transfers to another any document purporting to be either a
certificate of birth or certificate of baptism, knowing such document
to be false or counterfeit and with the intent to deceive, is guilty
of a crime, and upon conviction therefor, shall be punished by
imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or by
imprisonment in the state prison. Every person who offers, displays,
or has in his or her possession any false or counterfeit certificate
of birth or certificate of baptism, or any genuine certificate of
birth which describes a person then living or deceased, with intent
to represent himself or herself as another or to conceal his or her
true identity, is guilty of a crime, and upon conviction therefor,
shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed
one year.


529.5. (a) Every person who manufactures, sells, offers for sale,
or transfers any document, not amounting to counterfeit, purporting
to be a government-issued identification card or driver's license,
which by virtue of the wording or appearance thereon could reasonably
deceive an ordinary person into believing that it is issued by a
government agency, and who knows that the document is not a
government-issued document, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable
by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine
not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both the fine and
imprisonment.
(b) Any person who, having been convicted of a violation of
subdivision (a), is subsequently convicted of a violation of
subdivision (a), is punishable for the subsequent conviction by
imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine
not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both the fine and
imprisonment.
(c) Any person who possesses a document described in subdivision
(a) and who knows that the document is not a government-issued
document is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less
than one thousand dollars ($1,000) and not more than two thousand
five hundred dollars ($2,500). The misdemeanor fine shall be imposed
except in unusual cases where the interests of justice would be
served. The court may allow an offender to work off the fine by
doing community service. If community service work is not available,
the misdemeanor shall be punishable by a fine of up to one thousand
dollars ($1,000), based on the person's ability to pay.
(d) If an offense specified in this section is committed by a
person when he or she is under 21 years of age, but is 13 years of
age or older, the court also may suspend the person's driving
privilege for one year, pursuant to Section 13202.5 of the Vehicle
Code.


529.7. Any person who obtains, or assists another person in
obtaining, a driver's license, identification card, vehicle
registration certificate, or any other official document issued by
the Department of Motor Vehicles, with knowledge that the person
obtaining the document is not entitled to the document, is guilty of
a misdemeanor, and is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for
up to one year, or a fine of up to one thousand dollars ($1,000), or
both.


530. Every person who falsely personates another, in either his
private or official capacity, and in such assumed character receives
any money or property, knowing that it is intended to be delivered to
the individual so personated, with intent to convert the same to his
own use, or to that of another person, or to deprive the true owner
thereof, is punishable in the same manner and to the same extent as
for larceny of the money or property so received.



530.5. (a) Every person who willfully obtains personal identifying
information, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 530.55, of
another person, and uses that information for any unlawful purpose,
including to obtain, or attempt to obtain, credit, goods, services,
real property, or medical information without the consent of that
person, is guilty of a public offense, and upon conviction therefor,
shall be punished by a fine, by imprisonment in a county jail not to
exceed one year, or by both a fine and imprisonment, or by
imprisonment in the state prison.
(b) In any case in which a person willfully obtains personal
identifying information of another person, uses that information to
commit a crime in addition to a violation of subdivision (a), and is
convicted of that crime, the court records shall reflect that the
person whose identity was falsely used to commit the crime did not
commit the crime.
(c) (1) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, acquires or
retains possession of the personal identifying information, as
defined in subdivision (b) of Section 530.55, of another person is
guilty of a public offense, and upon conviction therefor, shall be
punished by a fine, by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed
one year, or by both a fine and imprisonment.
(2) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, acquires or
retains possession of the personal identifying information, as
defined in subdivision (b) of Section 530.55, of another person, and
who has previously been convicted of a violation of this section,
upon conviction therefor shall be punished by a fine, by imprisonment
in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by both a fine and
imprisonment, or by imprisonment in the state prison.
(3) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, acquires or
retains possession of the personal identifying information, as
defined in subdivision (b) of Section 530.55, of 10 or more other
persons is guilty of a public offense, and upon conviction therefor,
shall be punished by a fine, by imprisonment in a county jail not to
exceed one year, or by both a fine and imprisonment, or by
imprisonment in the state prison.
(d) (1) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, sells,
transfers, or conveys the personal identifying information, as
defined in subdivision (b) of Section 530.55, of another person is
guilty of a public offense, and upon conviction therefor, shall be
punished by a fine, by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed
one year, or by both a fine and imprisonment, or by imprisonment in
the state prison.
(2) Every person who, with actual knowledge that the personal
identifying information, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section
530.55, of a specific person will be used to commit a violation of
subdivision (a), sells, transfers, or conveys that same personal
identifying information is guilty of a public offense, and upon
conviction therefor, shall be punished by a fine, by imprisonment in
the state prison, or by both a fine and imprisonment.
(e) Every person who commits mail theft, as defined in Section
1708 of Title 18 of the United States Code, is guilty of a public
offense, and upon conviction therefor shall be punished by a fine, by
imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by both a
fine and imprisonment. Prosecution under this subdivision shall not
limit or preclude prosecution under any other provision of law,
including, but not limited to, subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive, of
this section.
(f) An interactive computer service or access software provider,
as defined in subsection (f) of Section 230 of Title 47 of the United
States Code, shall not be liable under this section unless the
service or provider acquires, transfers, sells, conveys, or retains
possession of personal information with the intent to defraud.



530.55. (a) For purposes of this chapter, "person" means a natural
person, living or deceased, firm, association, organization,
partnership, business trust, company, corporation, limited liability
company, or public entity, or any other legal entity.
(b) For purposes of this chapter, "personal identifying
information" means
any name, address, telephone number, health insurance number,
taxpayer identification number, school identification number, state
or federal driver's license, or identification number, social
security number, place of employment, employee identification number,
professional or occupational number, mother's maiden name, demand
deposit account number, savings account number, checking account
number, PIN (personal identification number) or password, alien
registration number, government passport number, date of birth,
unique biometric data including fingerprint, facial scan identifiers,
voiceprint, retina or iris image, or other unique physical
representation, unique electronic data including information
identification number assigned to the person, address or routing
code, telecommunication identifying information or access device,
information contained in a birth or death certificate, or credit card
number of an individual person, or an equivalent form of
identification.



530.6. (a) A person who has learned or reasonably suspects that his
or her personal identifying information has been unlawfully used by
another, as described in subdivision (a) of Section 530.5, may
initiate a law enforcement investigation by contacting the local law
enforcement agency that has jurisdiction over his or her actual
residence or place of business, which shall take a police report of
the matter, provide the complainant with a copy of that report, and
begin an investigation of the facts. If the suspected crime was
committed in a different jurisdiction, the local law enforcement
agency may refer the matter to the law enforcement agency where the
suspected crime was committed for further investigation of the facts.

(b) A person who reasonably believes that he or she is the victim
of identity theft may petition a court, or the court, on its own
motion or upon application of the prosecuting attorney, may move, for
an expedited judicial determination of his or her factual innocence,
where the perpetrator of the identity theft was arrested for, cited
for, or convicted of a crime under the victim's identity, or where a
criminal complaint has been filed against the perpetrator in the
victim's name, or where the victim's identity has been mistakenly
associated with a record of criminal conviction. Any judicial
determination of factual innocence made pursuant to this section may
be heard and determined upon declarations, affidavits, police
reports, or other material, relevant, and reliable information
submitted by the parties or ordered to be part of the record by the
court. Where the court determines that the petition or motion is
meritorious and that there is no reasonable cause to believe that the
victim committed the offense for which the perpetrator of the
identity theft was arrested, cited, convicted, or subject to a
criminal complaint in the victim's name, or that the victim's
identity has been mistakenly associated with a record of criminal
conviction, the court shall find the victim factually innocent of
that offense. If the victim is found factually innocent, the court
shall issue an order certifying this determination.
(c) After a court has issued a determination of factual innocence
pursuant to this section, the court may order the name and associated
personal identifying information contained in court records, files,
and indexes accessible by the public deleted, sealed, or labeled to
show that the data is impersonated and does not reflect the defendant'
s identity.
(d) A court that has issued a determination of factual innocence
pursuant to this section may at any time vacate that determination if
the petition, or any information submitted in support of the
petition, is found to contain any material misrepresentation or
fraud.
(e) The Judicial Council of California shall develop a form for
use in issuing an order pursuant to this section.
(f) For purposes of this section,"person" means a natural person,
firm, association, organization, partnership, business trust,
company, corporation, limited liability company, or public entity.




530.7. (a) In order for a victim of identity theft to be included
in the data base established pursuant to subdivision (c), he or she
shall submit to the Department of Justice a court order obtained
pursuant to any provision of law, a full set of fingerprints, and any
other information prescribed by the department.
(b) Upon receiving information pursuant to subdivision (a), the
Department of Justice shall verify the identity of the victim against
any driver's license or other identification record maintained by
the Department of Motor Vehicles.
(c) The Department of Justice shall establish and maintain a data
base of individuals who have been victims of identity theft. The
department shall provide a victim of identity theft or his or her
authorized representative access to the data base in order to
establish that the individual has been a victim of identity theft.
Access to the data base shall be limited to criminal justice
agencies, victims of identity theft, and individuals and agencies
authorized by the victims.
(d) The Department of Justice shall establish and maintain a
toll-free telephone number to provide access to information under
subdivision (c).
(e) This section shall be operative September 1, 2001.



530.8. (a) If a person discovers that an application in his or her
name for a loan, credit line or account, credit card, charge card,
public utility service, mail receiving or forwarding service, office
or desk space rental service, or commercial mobile radio service has
been filed with any person or entity by an unauthorized person, or
that an account in his or her name has been opened with a bank, trust
company, savings association, credit union, public utility, mail
receiving or forwarding service, office or desk space rental service,
or commercial mobile radio service provider by an unauthorized
person, then, upon presenting to the person or entity with which the
application was filed or the account was opened a copy of a police
report prepared pursuant to Section 530.6 and identifying information
in the categories of information that the unauthorized person used
to complete the application or to open the account, the person, or a
law enforcement officer specified by the person, shall be entitled to
receive information related to the application or account, including
a copy of the unauthorized person's application or application
information and a record of transactions or charges associated with
the application or account. Upon request by the person in whose name
the application was filed or in whose name the account was opened,
the person or entity with which the application was filed shall
inform him or her of the categories of identifying information that
the unauthorized person used to complete the application or to open
the account. The person or entity with which the application was
filed or the account was opened shall provide copies of all paper
records, records of telephone applications or authorizations, or
records of electronic applications or authorizations required by this
section, without charge, within 10 business days of receipt of the
person's request and submission of the required copy of the police
report and identifying information.
(b) Any request made pursuant to subdivision (a) to a person or
entity subject to the provisions of Section 2891 of the Public
Utilities Code shall be in writing and the requesting person shall be
deemed to be the subscriber for purposes of that section.
(c) (1) Before a person or entity provides copies to a law
enforcement officer pursuant to subdivision (a), the person or entity
may require the requesting person to submit a signed and dated
statement by which the requesting person does all of the following:
(A) Authorizes disclosure for a stated period.
(B) Specifies the name of the agency or department to which the
disclosure is authorized.
(C) Identifies the types of records that the requesting person
authorizes to be disclosed.
(2) The person or entity shall include in the statement to be
signed by the requesting person a notice that the requesting person
has the right at any time to revoke the authorization.
(d) (1) A failure to produce records pursuant to subdivision (a)
shall be addressed by the court in the jurisdiction in which the
victim resides or in which the request for information was issued. At
the victim's request, the Attorney General, the district attorney,
or the prosecuting city attorney may file a petition to compel the
attendance of the person or entity in possession of the records, as
described in subdivision (a), and order the production of the
requested records to the court. The petition shall contain a
declaration from the victim stating when the request for information
was made, that the information requested was not provided, and what
response, if any, was made by the person or entity. The petition
shall also contain copies of the police report prepared pursuant to
Section 530.6 and the request for information made pursuant to this
section upon the person or entity in possession of the records, as
described in subdivision (a), and these two documents shall be kept
confidential by the court. The petition and copies of the police
report and the application shall be served upon the person or entity
in possession of the records, as described in subdivision (a). The
court shall hold a hearing on the petition no later than 10 court
days after the petition is served and filed. The court shall order
the release of records to the victim as required pursuant to this
section.
(2) In addition to any other civil remedy available, the victim
may bring a civil action against the entity for damages, injunctive
relief or other equitable relief, and a penalty of one hundred
dollars ($100) per day of noncompliance, plus reasonable attorneys'
fees.
(e) For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the
following meanings:
(1) "Application" means a new application for credit or service,
the addition of authorized users to an existing account, the renewal
of an existing account, or any other changes made to an existing
account.
(2) "Commercial mobile radio service" means "commercial mobile
radio service" as defined in Section 20.3 of Title 47 of the Code of
Federal Regulations.
(3) "Law enforcement officer" means a peace officer as defined by
Section 830.1.
(4) "Person" means a natural person, firm, association,
organization, partnership, business trust, company, corporation,
limited liability company, or public entity.


531. Every person who is a party to any fraudulent conveyance of
any lands, tenements, or hereditaments, goods or chattels, or any
right or interest issuing out of the same, or to any bond, suit,
judgment, or execution, contract or conveyance, had, made, or
contrived with intent to deceive and defraud others, or to defeat,
hinder, or delay creditors or others of their just debts, damages, or
demands; or who, being a party as aforesaid, at any time wittingly
and willingly puts in, uses, avows, maintains, justifies, or defends
the same, or any of them, as true, and done, had, or made in good
faith, or upon good consideration, or aliens, assigns, or sells any
of the lands, tenements, hereditaments, goods, chattels, or other
things before mentioned, to him or them conveyed as aforesaid, or any
part thereof, is guilty of a misdemeanor.



531a. Every person who, with intent to defraud, knowingly executes
or procures another to execute any instrument purporting to convey
any real property, or any right or interest therein, knowing that
such person so executing has no right to or interest in such
property, or who files or procures the filing of any such instrument,
knowing that the person executing the same had no right, title or
interest in the property so purported to be conveyed, is guilty of a
misdemeanor and is punishable by imprisonment for not more than one
year or by fine of five thousand dollars or both.



532. (a) Every person who knowingly and designedly, by any false or
fraudulent representation or pretense, defrauds any other person of
money, labor, or property, whether real or personal, or who causes or
procures others to report falsely of his or her wealth or mercantile
character, and by thus imposing upon any person obtains credit, and
thereby fraudulently gets possession of money or property, or obtains
the labor or service of another, is punishable in the same manner
and to the same extent as for larceny of the money or property so
obtained.
(b) Upon a trial for having, with an intent to cheat or defraud
another designedly, by any false pretense, obtained the signature of
any person to a written instrument, or having obtained from any
person any labor, money, or property, whether real or personal, or
valuable thing, the defendant cannot be convicted if the false
pretense was expressed in language unaccompanied by a false token or
writing, unless the pretense, or some note or memorandum thereof is
in writing, subscribed by or in the handwriting of the defendant, or
unless the pretense is proven by the testimony of two witnesses, or
that of one witness and corroborating circumstances. This section
does not apply to a prosecution for falsely representing or
personating another, and, in that assumed character, marrying, or
receiving any money or property.



532a. (1) Any person who shall knowingly make or cause to be made,
either directly or indirectly or through any agency whatsoever, any
false statement in writing, with intent that it shall be relied upon,
respecting the financial condition, or means or ability to pay, of
himself, or any other person, firm or corporation, in whom he is
interested, or for whom he is acting, for the purpose of procuring in
any form whatsoever, either the delivery of personal property, the
payment of cash, the making of a loan or credit, the extension of a
credit, the execution of a contract of guaranty or suretyship, the
discount of an account receivable, or the making, acceptance,
discount, sale or indorsement of a bill of exchange, or promissory
note, for the benefit of either himself or of such person, firm or
corporation shall be guilty of a public offense.
(2) Any person who knowing that a false statement in writing has
been made, respecting the financial condition or means or ability to
pay, of himself, or a person, firm or corporation in which he is
interested, or for whom he is acting, procures, upon the faith
thereof, for the benefit either of himself, or of such person, firm
or corporation, either or any of the things of benefit mentioned in
the first subdivision of this section shall be guilty of a public
offense.
(3) Any person who knowing that a statement in writing has been
made, respecting the financial condition or means or ability to pay
of himself or a person, firm or corporation, in which he is
interested, or for whom he is acting, represents on a later day in
writing that the statement theretofore made, if then again made on
said day, would be then true, when in fact, said statement if then
made would be false, and procures upon the faith thereof, for the
benefit either of himself or of such person, firm or corporation
either or any of the things of benefit mentioned in the first
subdivision of this section shall be guilty of a public offense.
(4) Any person committing a public offense under subdivision (1),
(2), or (3) shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of
not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in
the county jail for not more than six months, or by both such fine
and imprisonment. Any person who violates the provisions of
subdivision (1), (2), or (3), by using a fictitious name, social
security number, business name, or business address, or by falsely
representing himself or herself to be another person or another
business, is guilty of a felony and is punishable by a fine not
exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000) or by imprisonment in the
state prison, or by both such fine and imprisonment, or by a fine not
exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) or by
imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by both
such fine and imprisonment.
(5) This section shall not be construed to preclude the
applicability of any other provision of the criminal law of this
state which applies or may apply to any transaction.



532b. (a) Any person who falsely represents himself or herself as a
veteran or ex-serviceman of any war in which the United States was
engaged, in connection with the soliciting of aid or the sale or
attempted sale of any property, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(b) Any person who falsely claims, or presents himself or herself,
to be a veteran or member of the Armed Forces of the United States,
with the intent to defraud, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(c) This section does not apply to face-to-face solicitations
involving less than ten dollars ($10).



532c. Any person, firm, corporation or copartnership who knowingly
and designedly offers or gives with winning numbers at any drawing of
numbers or with tickets of admission to places of public assemblage,
any lot or parcel of real property and charges or collects fees in
connection with the transfer thereof, is guilty of a misdemeanor.




532d. (a) Any person who solicits or attempts to solicit or
receives money or property of any kind for a charitable, religious or
eleemosynary purpose and who, directly or indirectly, makes, utters,
or delivers, either orally or in writing, an unqualified statement
of fact concerning the purpose or organization for which the money or
property is solicited or received, or concerning the cost and
expense of solicitation or the manner in which the money or property
or any part thereof is to be used, which statement is in fact false
and was made, uttered, or delivered by that person either willfully
and with knowledge of its falsity or negligently without due
consideration of those facts which by the use of ordinary care he or
she should have known, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and is punishable
by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year, by a
fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that
imprisonment and fine.
(b) An offense charged in violation of this section shall be
proven by the testimony of one witness and corroborating
circumstances.
(c) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to limit
the right of any city, county, or city and county to adopt
regulations for charitable solicitations which are not in conflict
with this section.



532e. Any person who receives money for the purpose of obtaining or
paying for services, labor, materials or equipment incident to
constructing improvements on real property and willfully rebates any
part of the money to or on behalf of anyone contracting with such
person, for provision of the services, labor, materials or equipment
for which the money was given, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor;
provided, however, that normal trade discount for prompt payment
shall not be considered a violation of this section.



532f. (a) (1) A person, other than the loan applicant, who commits
a public offense under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of Section 532a in
connection with an application for a loan to be secured by real
property is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine not
exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in a
county jail not exceeding one year, or by both the fine and
imprisonment.
(2) The court shall determine the amount of any economic loss to
a victim caused by the criminal conduct of the defendant and shall,
to the extent possible, order the defendant to make restitution to
the victim in that amount.
(b) An applicant for a loan to be secured by real property who
violates paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of Section 532a is guilty of a
misdemeanor, punishable by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars
($10,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding six
months, or by both the fine and imprisonment.
(c) This section shall not be construed to preclude the
application of any other law that may apply to a transaction.



533. Every person who, after once selling, bartering, or disposing
of any tract of land or town lot, or after executing any bond or
agreement for the sale of any land or town lot, again willfully and
with intent to defraud previous or subsequent purchasers, sells,
barters, or disposes of the same tract of land or town lot, or any
part thereof, or willfully and with intent to defraud previous or
subsequent purchasers, executes any bond or agreement to sell,
barter, or dispose of the same land or lot, or any part thereof, to
any other person for a valuable consideration, is punishable by
imprisonment in the state prison.


534. Every married person who falsely and fraudulently represents
himself or herself as competent to sell or mortgage any real estate,
to the validity of which sale or mortgage the assent or concurrence
of his wife or her husband is necessary, and under such
representations willfully conveys or mortgages the same, is guilty of
felony.



535. Every person who obtains any money or property from another,
or obtains the signature of another to any written instrument, the
false making of which would be forgery, by means of any false or
fraudulent sale of property or pretended property, by auction, or by
any of the practices known as mock auctions, is punishable by
imprisonment in the state prison, or in the county jail not exceeding
one year, or by fine not exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000), or
by both such fine and imprisonment, and, in addition, is
disqualified for a period of three years from acting as an auctioneer
in this state.


536. Every commission merchant, broker, agent, factor, or
consignee, who shall willfully and corruptly make, or cause to be
made, to the principal or consignor of such commission merchant,
agent, broker, factor, or consignee, a false statement as to the
price obtained for any property consigned or entrusted for sale, or
as to the quality or quantity of any property so consigned or
entrusted, or as to any expenditures made in connection therewith,
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof,
shall be punished by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000)
and not less than two hundred dollars ($200), or by imprisonment in
the county jail not exceeding six months and not less than 10 days,
or by both such fine and imprisonment.



536a. It is hereby made the duty of every commission merchant,
broker, factor, or consignee, to whom any property is consigned or
entrusted for sale, to make, when accounting therefor or
subsequently, upon the written demand of his principal or consignor,
a true written statement setting forth the name and address of the
person or persons to whom a sale of the said property, or any portion
thereof, was made, the quantity so sold to each purchaser, and the
respective prices obtained therefor; provided, however, that unless
separate written demand shall be made as to each consignment or
shipment regarding which said statement is desired, prior to sale, it
shall be sufficient to set forth in said statement only so many of
said matters above enumerated as said commission merchant, broker,
factor, or consignee may be able to obtain from the books of account
kept by him; and that said statement shall not be required in case of
cash sales where the amount of the transaction is less than fifty
dollars. Any person violating the provisions of this section is
guilty of a misdemeanor.



537. (a) Any person who obtains any food, fuel, services, or
accommodations at a hotel, inn, restaurant, boardinghouse,
lodginghouse, apartment house, bungalow court, motel, marina, marine
facility, autocamp, ski area, or public or private campground,
without paying therefor, with intent to defraud the proprietor or
manager thereof, or who obtains credit at an hotel, inn, restaurant,
boardinghouse, lodginghouse, apartment house, bungalow court, motel,
marina, marine facility, autocamp, or public or private campground by
the use of any false pretense, or who, after obtaining credit, food,
fuel, services, or accommodations, at an hotel, inn, restaurant,
boardinghouse, lodginghouse, apartment house, bungalow court, motel,
marina, marine facility, autocamp, or public or private campground,
absconds, or surreptitiously, or by force, menace, or threats,
removes any part of his or her baggage therefrom with the intent not
to pay for his or her food or accommodations is guilty of a public
offense punishable as follows:
(1) If the value of the credit, food, fuel, services, or
accommodations is four hundred dollars ($400) or less, by a fine not
exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by imprisonment in the
county jail for a term not exceeding six months, or both.
(2) If the value of the credit, food, fuel, services, or
accommodations is greater than four hundred dollars ($400), by
imprisonment in the county jail for a term of not more than one year,
or in the state prison.
(b) Any person who uses or attempts to use ski area facilities for
which payment is required without paying as required, or who resells
a ski lift ticket to another when the resale is not authorized by
the proprietor, is guilty of an infraction.
(c) Evidence that a person left the premises of such an hotel,
inn, restaurant, boardinghouse, lodginghouse, apartment house,
bungalow court, motel, marina, marine facility, autocamp, ski area,
or public or private campground, without paying or offering to pay
for such food, fuel, services, use of facilities, or accommodation,
or that the person, without authorization from the proprietor, resold
his or her ski lift ticket to another person after making use of
such facilities, shall be prima facie evidence of the following:
(1) That the person obtained such food, fuel, services, use of
facilities or accommodations with intent to defraud the proprietor or
manager.
(2) That, if, after obtaining the credit, food, fuel, services, or
accommodations, the person absconded, or surreptitiously, or by
force, menace, or threats, removed part of his or her baggage
therefrom, the person did so with the intent not to pay for the
credit, food, fuel, services, or accommodations.



537b. Any person who obtains any livery hire or other accommodation
at any livery or feed stable, kept for profit, in this state,
without paying therefor, with intent to defraud the proprietor or
manager thereof; or who obtains credit at any such livery or feed
stable by the use of any false pretense; or who after obtaining a
horse, vehicle, or other property at such livery or feed stable,
willfully or maliciously abuses the same by beating, goading,
overdriving or other willful or malicious conduct, or who after
obtaining such horse, vehicle, or other property, shall, with intent
to defraud the owner, manager or proprietor of such livery or feed
stable, keep the same for a longer period, or take the same to a
greater distance than contracted for; or allow a feed bill or other
charges to accumulate against such property, without paying therefor;
or abandon or leave the same, is guilty of a misdemeanor.



537c. Every owner, manager, proprietor, or other person, having the
management, charge or control of any livery stable, feed or boarding
stable, and every person pasturing stock, who shall receive and take
into his possession, charge, care or control, any horse, mare, or
other animal, or any buggy, or other vehicle, belonging to any other
person, to be by him kept, fed, or cared for, and who, while said
horse, mare or other animal or buggy or other vehicle, is thus in his
possession, charge, care or under his control, as aforesaid, shall
drive, ride or use, or knowingly permit or allow any person other
than the owner or other person entitled so to do, to drive, ride, or
otherwise use the same, without the consent or permission of the
owner thereof, or other person charged with the care, control or
possession of such property, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.



537e. (a) Any person who knowingly buys, sells, receives, disposes
of, conceals, or has in his or her possession any personal property
from which the manufacturer's serial number, identification number,
electronic serial number, or any other distinguishing number or
identification mark has been removed, defaced, covered, altered, or
destroyed, is guilty of a public offense, punishable as follows:
(1) If the value of the property does not exceed four hundred
dollars ($400), by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding six
months.
(2) If the value of the property exceeds four hundred dollars
($400), by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year.
(3) If the property is an integrated computer chip or panel of a
value of four hundred dollars ($400) or more, by imprisonment in the
state prison for 16 months, or 2 or 3 years or by imprisonment in a
county jail not exceeding one year.
For purposes of this subdivision, "personal property" includes,
but is not limited to, the following:
(1) Any television, radio, recorder, phonograph, telephone, piano,
or any other musical instrument or sound equipment.
(2) Any washing machine, sewing machine, vacuum cleaner, or other
household appliance or furnishings.
(3) Any typewriter, adding machine, dictaphone, or any other
office equipment or furnishings.
(4) Any computer, printed circuit, integrated chip or panel, or
other part of a computer.
(5) Any tool or similar device, including any technical or
scientific equipment.
(6) Any bicycle, exercise equipment, or any other entertainment or
recreational equipment.
(7) Any electrical or mechanical equipment, contrivance, material,
or piece of apparatus or equipment.
(8) Any clock, watch, watch case, or watch movement.
(9) Any vehicle or vessel, or any component part thereof.
(b) When property described in subdivision (a) comes into the
custody of a peace officer it shall become subject to the provision
of Chapter 12 (commencing with Section 1407) of Title 10 of Part 2,
relating to the disposal of stolen or embezzled property. Property
subject to this section shall be considered stolen or embezzled
property for the purposes of that chapter, and prior to being
disposed of, shall have an identification mark imbedded or engraved
in, or permanently affixed to it.
(c) This section does not apply to those cases or instances where
any of the changes or alterations enumerated in subdivision (a) have
been customarily made or done as an established practice in the
ordinary and regular conduct of business, by the original
manufacturer, or by his or her duly appointed direct representative,
or under specific authorization from the original manufacturer.



537f. No storage battery composed in whole or in part of a used
container, or used plate or plates and intended for use in the
starting, lighting or ignition of automobiles, shall be sold or
offered for sale in this State unless: the word "Rebuilt" together
with the rebuilder's name and address is labeled on one side of the
battery in letters not less than one-half inch in height with a
one-eighth inch stroke.
Any person selling or offering for sale such a battery in
violation of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor,
punishable by a fine not exceeding two hundred fifty dollars, or by
imprisonment in the county jail for not more than six months, or by
both such fine and imprisonment.


537g. (a) Unless otherwise provided by law, any person who
knowingly removes, defaces, covers, alters or destroys a National
Crime Information Center owner identification number from the
personal property of another without permission is guilty of a
misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed four hundred dollars
($400), imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed one year, or
both.
(b) This section shall not apply to any action taken by an
authorized person to dispose of property pursuant to Article 1
(commencing with Section 2080) of Chapter 4 of Title 6 of Part 4 of
Division 3 of the Civil Code or pursuant to Chapter 12 (commencing
with Section 1407) of Title 10 of Part 2 of this code.



538. Every person, who, after mortgaging any of the property
permitted to be mortgaged by the provisions of Sections 9102 and 9109
of the Commercial Code, excepting locomotives, engines, rolling
stock of a railroad, steamboat machinery in actual use, and vessels,
during the existence of the mortgage, with intent to defraud the
mortgagee, his or her representative or assigns, takes, drives,
carries away, or otherwise removes or permits the taking, driving, or
carrying away, or other removal of the mortgaged property, or any
part thereof, from the county where it was situated when mortgaged,
without the written consent of the mortgagee, or who sells,
transfers, slaughters, destroys, or in any manner further encumbers
the mortgaged property, or any part thereof, or causes it to be sold,
transferred, slaughtered, destroyed, or further encumbered, is
guilty of theft, and is punishable accordingly. In the case of a
sale, transfer, or further encumbrance at or before the time of
making the sale, transfer, or encumbrance, the mortgagor informs the
person to whom the sale, transfer, or encumbrance is made, of the
existence of the prior mortgage, and also informs the prior mortgagee
of the intended sale, transfer, or encumbrance, in writing, by
giving the name and place of residence of the party to whom the sale,
transfer, or encumbrance is to be made.



538a. Every person who signs any letter addressed to a newspaper
with the name of a person other than himself and sends such letter to
the newspaper, or causes it to be sent to such newspaper, with
intent to lead the newspaper to believe that such letter was written
by the person whose name is signed thereto, is guilty of a
misdemeanor.



538b. Any person who wilfully wears the badge, lapel button,
rosette, or any part of the garb, robe, habit, or any other
recognized and established insignia or apparel of any secret society,
or fraternal or religious order or organization, or of any sect,
church or religious denomination, or uses the same to obtain aid or
assistance within this State, with intent to deceive, unless entitled
to wear and use the same under the constitution, by-laws or rules
and regulations, or other laws or enactments of such society, order,
organization, sect, church or religious denomination is guilty of a
misdemeanor.


538c. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (c), any person who
attaches or inserts an unauthorized advertisement in a newspaper,
whether alone or in concert with another, and who redistributes it to
the public or who has the intent to redistribute it to the public,
is guilty of the crime of theft of advertising services which shall
be punishable as a misdemeanor.
(b) As used in this section:
(1) "Unauthorized advertisement" means any form of representation
or communication, including any handbill, newsletter, pamphlet, or
notice that contains any letters, words, or pictorial representation
that is attached to or inserted in a newspaper without a contractual
agreement between the publisher and an advertiser.
(2) "Newspaper" includes any newspaper, magazine, periodical, or
other tangible publication, whether offered for retail sale or
distributed without charge.
(c) This section does not apply if the publisher or authorized
distributor of the newspaper consents to the attachment or insertion
of the advertisement.
(d) This section does not apply to a newspaper distributor who is
directed to insert an unauthorized advertisement by a person or
company supplying the newspapers, and who is not aware that the
advertisement is unauthorized.
(e) A conviction under this section shall not constitute a
conviction for petty theft.



538d. (a) Any person other than one who by law is given the
authority of a peace officer, who willfully wears, exhibits, or uses
the authorized uniform, insignia, emblem, device, label, certificate,
card, or writing, of a peace officer, with the intent of
fraudulently impersonating a peace officer, or of fraudulently
inducing the belief that he or she is a peace officer, is guilty of a
misdemeanor.
(b) (1) Any person, other than the one who by law is given the
authority of a peace officer, who willfully wears, exhibits, or uses
the badge of a peace officer with the intent of fraudulently
impersonating a peace officer, or of fraudulently inducing the belief
that he or she is a peace officer, is guilty of a misdemeanor
punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year,
by a fine not to exceed two thousand dollars ($2,000), or by both
that imprisonment and fine.
(2) Any person who willfully wears or uses any badge that falsely
purports to be authorized for the use of one who by law is given the
authority of a peace officer, or which so resembles the authorized
badge of a peace officer as would deceive any ordinary reasonable
person into believing that it is authorized for the use of one who by
law is given the authority of a peace officer, for the purpose of
fraudulently impersonating a peace officer, or of fraudulently
inducing the belief that he or she is a peace officer, is guilty of a
misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not to
exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed two thousand dollars
($2,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.
(c) Any person who willfully wears, exhibits, or uses, or who
willfully makes, sells, loans, gives, or transfers to another, any
badge, insignia, emblem, device, or any label, certificate, card, or
writing, which falsely purports to be authorized for the use of one
who by law is given the authority of a peace officer, or which so
resembles the authorized badge, insignia, emblem, device, label,
certificate, card, or writing of a peace officer as would deceive an
ordinary reasonable person into believing that it is authorized for
the use of one who by law is given the authority of a peace officer,
is guilty of a misdemeanor, except that any person who makes or sells
any badge under the circumstances described in this subdivision is
subject to a fine not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000).
(d) (1) Vendors of law enforcement uniforms shall verify that a
person purchasing a uniform identifying a law enforcement agency is
an employee of the agency identified on the uniform. Presentation and
examination of a valid identification card with a picture of the
person purchasing the uniform and identification, on the letterhead
of the law enforcement agency, of the person buying the uniform as an
employee of the agency identified on the uniform shall be sufficient
verification.
(2) Any uniform vendor who sells a uniform identifying a law
enforcement agency, without verifying that the purchaser is an
employee of the agency, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a
fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000).
(3) This subdivision shall not apply if the uniform is to be used
solely as a prop for a motion picture, television, video production,
or a theatrical event, and prior written permission has been obtained
by the identified law enforcement agency.



538e. (a) Any person, other than an officer or member of a fire
department, who willfully wears, exhibits, or uses the authorized
uniform, insignia, emblem, device, label, certificate, card, or
writing of an officer or member of a fire department or a deputy
state fire marshal, with the intent of fraudulently impersonating an
officer or member of a fire department or the Office of the State
Fire Marshal, or of fraudulently inducing the belief that he or she
is an officer or member of a fire department or the Office of the
State Fire Marshal, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(b) (1) Any person, other than the one who by law is given the
authority of an officer or member of a fire department, or a deputy
state fire marshal, who willfully wears, exhibits, or uses the badge
of a fire department or the Office of the State Fire Marshal with the
intent of fraudulently impersonating an officer, or member of a fire
department, or a deputy state fire marshal, or of fraudulently
inducing the belief that he or she is an officer or member of a fire
department, or a deputy state fire marshal, is guilty of a
misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed
one year, by a fine not to exceed two thousand dollars ($2,000), or
by both that imprisonment and fine.
(2) Any person who willfully wears or uses any badge that falsely
purports to be authorized for the use of one who by law is given the
authority of an officer or member of a fire department, or a deputy
state fire marshal, or which so resembles the authorized badge of an
officer or member of a fire department, or a deputy state fire
marshal as would deceive any ordinary reasonable person into
believing that it is authorized for the use of one who by law is
given the authority of an officer or member of a fire department or a
deputy state fire marshal, for the purpose of fraudulently
impersonating an officer or member of a fire department, or a deputy
state fire marshal, or of fraudulently inducing the belief that he or
she is an officer or member of a fire department, or a deputy state
fire marshal, is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment
in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed two
thousand dollars ($2,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.
(c) Any person who willfully wears, exhibits, or uses, or who
willfully makes, sells, loans, gives, or transfers to another, any
badge, insignia, emblem, device, or any label, certificate, card, or
writing, which falsely purports to be authorized for the use of one
who by law is given the authority of an officer, or member of a fire
department or a deputy state fire marshal, or which so resembles the
authorized badge, insignia, emblem, device, label, certificate, card,
or writing of an officer or member of a fire department or a deputy
state fire marshal as would deceive an ordinary reasonable person
into believing that it is authorized for use by an officer or member
of a fire department or a deputy state fire marshal, is guilty of a
misdemeanor, except that any person who makes or sells any badge
under the circumstances described in this subdivision is guilty of a
misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed fifteen thousand
dollars ($15,000).
(d) Any person who, for the purpose of selling, leasing or
otherwise disposing of merchandise, supplies or equipment used in
fire prevention or suppression, falsely represents, in any manner
whatsoever, to any other person that he or she is a fire marshal,
fire inspector or member of a fire department, or that he or she has
the approval, endorsement or authorization of any fire marshal, fire
inspector or fire department, or member thereof, is guilty of a
misdemeanor.
(e) This section shall not apply to either of the following:
(1) Use of a badge solely as a prop for a motion picture,
television, or video production, or an entertainment or theatrical
event.
(2) A badge supplied by a recognized employee organization as
defined in Section 3501 of the Government Code representing
firefighters or a state or international organization to which it is
affiliated.


538f. Any person, other than an employee of a public utility or
district as defined in Sections 216 and 11503 of the Public Utilities
Code, respectively, who willfully presents himself or herself to a
utility or district customer with the intent of fraudulently
personating an employee of a public utility or district, or of
fraudulently inducing the belief that he or she is an employee of a
public utility or district, is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be
punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed six months,
or by a fine not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both
that fine and imprisonment. Nothing in this section shall be
construed to prohibit conduct that arguably constitutes protected
activity under state labor law or the National Labor Relations Act
(Title 29, United States Code, Section 151 and following).



538g. (a) Any person, other than a state, county, city, special
district, or city and county officer or employee, who willfully
wears, exhibits, or uses the authorized badge, photographic
identification card, or insignia of a state, county, city, special
district, or city and county officer or employee, with the intent of
fraudulently personating a state, county, city, special district, or
city and county officer or employee, or of fraudulently inducing the
belief that he or she is a state, county, city, special district, or
city and county officer or employee, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(b) Any person who willfully wears, exhibits, or uses, or
willfully makes, sells, loans, gives, or transfers to another, any
badge, photographic identification card, or insignia, which falsely
purports to be for the use of a state, county, city, special
district, or city and county officer or employee, or which so
resembles the authorized badge, photographic identification card, or
insignia of a state, county, city, special district, or city and
county officer or employee as would deceive an ordinary reasonable
person into believing that it is authorized for use by a state,
county, city, special district, or city and county officer or
employee, is guilty of a misdemeanor, except that any person who
makes or sells any badge under the circumstances described in this
subdivision is subject to a fine not to exceed fifteen thousand
dollars ($15,000).
(c) This section shall not apply to either of the following:
(1) Use of a badge solely as a prop for a motion picture,
television, or video production, or an entertainment or theatrical
event.
(2) A badge supplied by a recognized employee organization as
defined in Section 3501 of the Government Code or a state or
international organization to which it is affiliated.




538.5. Every person who transmits or causes to be transmitted by
means of wire, radio or television communication any words, sounds,
writings, signs, signals, or pictures for the purpose of furthering
or executing a scheme or artifice to obtain, from a public utility,
confidential, privileged, or proprietary information, trade secrets,
trade lists, customer records, billing records, customer credit data,
or accounting data by means of false or fraudulent pretenses,
representations, personations, or promises is guilty of an offense
punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or by imprisonment in
the county jail not exceeding one year.



539. Every person who, with the intent to defraud, certifies that a
person ordered by the court to participate in community service as a
condition of probation has completed the number of hours of
community service prescribed in the court order and the participant
has not completed the prescribed number of hours, is guilty of a
misdemeanor.[/align]

[هيثم الفقى]

[align=left]


548. (a) Every person who willfully injures, destroys, secretes,
abandons, or disposes of any property which at the time is insured
against loss or damage by theft, or embezzlement, or any casualty
with intent to defraud or prejudice the insurer, whether the property
is the property or in the possession of such person or any other
person, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for two,
three, or five years and by a fine not exceeding fifty thousand
dollars ($50,000).
For purposes of this section, "casualty" does not include fire.
(b) Any person who violates subdivision (a) and who has a prior
conviction of the offense set forth in that subdivision, in Section
550 of this code, or in former Section 556 or former Section 1871.1
of the Insurance Code, shall receive a two-year enhancement for each
prior conviction in addition to the sentence provided under
subdivision (a). The existence of any fact which would subject a
person to a penalty enhancement shall be alleged in the information
or indictment and either admitted by the defendant in open court, or
found to be true by the jury trying the issue of guilt or by the
court where guilt is established by plea of guilty or nolo contendere
or by trial by the court sitting without a jury.



549. Any firm, corporation, partnership, or association, or any
person acting in his or her individual capacity, or in his or her
capacity as a public or private employee, who solicits, accepts, or
refers any business to or from any individual or entity with the
knowledge that, or with reckless disregard for whether, the
individual or entity for or from whom the solicitation or referral is
made, or the individual or entity who is solicited or referred,
intends to violate Section 550 of this code or Section 1871.4 of the
Insurance Code is guilty of a crime, punishable upon a first
conviction by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one
year or by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, two years,
or three years, or by a fine not exceeding fifty thousand dollars
($50,000) or double the amount of the fraud, whichever is greater, or
by both that imprisonment and fine. A second or subsequent
conviction is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison or by
imprisonment in the state prison and a fine of fifty thousand dollars
($50,000). Restitution shall be ordered, including restitution for
any medical evaluation or treatment services obtained or provided.
The court shall determine the amount of restitution and the person or
persons to whom the restitution shall be paid.



550. (a) It is unlawful to do any of the following, or to aid,
abet, solicit, or conspire with any person to do any of the
following:
(1) Knowingly present or cause to be presented any false or
fraudulent claim for the payment of a loss or injury, including
payment of a loss or injury under a contract of insurance.
(2) Knowingly present multiple claims for the same loss or injury,
including presentation of multiple claims to more than one insurer,
with an intent to defraud.
(3) Knowingly cause or participate in a vehicular collision, or
any other vehicular accident, for the purpose of presenting any false
or fraudulent claim.
(4) Knowingly present a false or fraudulent claim for the payments
of a loss for theft, destruction, damage, or conversion of a motor
vehicle, a motor vehicle part, or contents of a motor vehicle.
(5) Knowingly prepare, make, or subscribe any writing, with the
intent to present or use it, or to allow it to be presented, in
support of any false or fraudulent claim.
(6) Knowingly make or cause to be made any false or fraudulent
claim for payment of a health care benefit.
(7) Knowingly submit a claim for a health care benefit that was
not used by, or on behalf of, the claimant.
(8) Knowingly present multiple claims for payment of the same
health care benefit with an intent to defraud.
(9) Knowingly present for payment any undercharges for health care
benefits on behalf of a specific claimant unless any known
overcharges for health care benefits for that claimant are presented
for reconciliation at that same time.
(10) For purposes of paragraphs (6) to (9), inclusive, a claim or
a claim for payment of a health care benefit also means a claim or
claim for payment submitted by or on the behalf of a provider of any
workers' compensation health benefits under the Labor Code.
(b) It is unlawful to do, or to knowingly assist or conspire with
any person to do, any of the following:
(1) Present or cause to be presented any written or oral statement
as part of, or in support of or opposition to, a claim for payment
or other benefit pursuant to an insurance policy, knowing that the
statement contains any false or misleading information concerning any
material fact.
(2) Prepare or make any written or oral statement that is intended
to be presented to any insurer or any insurance claimant in
connection with, or in support of or opposition to, any claim or
payment or other benefit pursuant to an insurance policy, knowing
that the statement contains any false or misleading information
concerning any material fact.
(3) Conceal, or knowingly fail to disclose the occurrence of, an
event that affects any person's initial or continued right or
entitlement to any insurance benefit or payment, or the amount of any
benefit or payment to which the person is entitled.
(4) Prepare or make any written or oral statement, intended to be
presented to any insurer or producer for the purpose of obtaining a
motor vehicle insurance policy, that the person to be the insured
resides or is domiciled in this state when, in fact, that person
resides or is domiciled in a state other than this state.
(c) (1) Every person who violates paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4), or
(5) of subdivision (a) is guilty of a felony punishable by
imprisonment in the state prison for two, three, or five years, and
by a fine not exceeding fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), or double
the amount of the fraud, whichever is greater.
(2) Every person who violates paragraph (6), (7), (8), or (9) of
subdivision (a) is guilty of a public offense.
(A) When the claim or amount at issue exceeds four hundred
dollars ($400), the offense is punishable by imprisonment in the
state prison for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not
exceeding fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) or double the amount of
the fraud, whichever is greater, or by both that imprisonment and
fine, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by
a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both
that imprisonment and fine.
(B) When the claim or amount at issue is four hundred dollars
($400) or less, the offense is punishable by imprisonment in a county
jail not to exceed six months, or by a fine of not more than one
thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine,
unless the aggregate amount of the claims or amount at issue exceeds
four hundred dollars ($400) in any 12-consecutive-month period, in
which case the claims or amounts may be charged as in subparagraph
(A).
(3) Every person who violates paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) of
subdivision (b) shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison
for two, three, or five years, or by a fine not exceeding fifty
thousand dollars ($50,000) or double the amount of the fraud,
whichever is greater, or by both that imprisonment and fine, or by
imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of
not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that
imprisonment and fine.
(4) Restitution shall be ordered for a person convicted of
violating this section, including restitution for any medical
evaluation or treatment services obtained or provided. The court
shall determine the amount of restitution and the person or persons
to whom the restitution shall be paid.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, probation shall
not be granted to, nor shall the execution or imposition of a
sentence be suspended for, any adult person convicted of felony
violations of this section who previously has been convicted of
felony violations of this section or Section 548, or of Section
1871.4 of the Insurance Code, or former Section 556 of the Insurance
Code, or former Section 1871.1 of the Insurance Code as an adult
under charges separately brought and tried two or more times. The
existence of any fact that would make a person ineligible for
probation under this subdivision shall be alleged in the information
or indictment, and either admitted by the defendant in an open court,
or found to be true by the jury trying the issue of guilt or by the
court where guilt is established by plea of guilty or nolo contendere
or by trial by the court sitting without a jury.
Except when the existence of the fact was not admitted or found to
be true or the court finds that a prior felony conviction was
invalid, the court shall not strike or dismiss any prior felony
convictions alleged in the information or indictment.
This subdivision does not prohibit the adjournment of criminal
proceedings pursuant to Division 3 (commencing with Section 3000) or
Division 6 (commencing with Section 6000) of the Welfare and
Institutions Code.
(e) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (f), any person
who violates subdivision (a) or (b) and who has a prior felony
conviction of an offense set forth in either subdivision (a) or (b),
in Section 548, in Section 1871.4 of the Insurance Code, in former
Section 556 of the Insurance Code, or in former Section 1871.1 of the
Insurance Code shall receive a two-year enhancement for each prior
felony conviction in addition to the sentence provided in subdivision
(c). The existence of any fact that would subject a person to a
penalty enhancement shall be alleged in the information or indictment
and either admitted by the defendant in open court, or found to be
true by the jury trying the issue of guilt or by the court where
guilt is established by plea of guilty or nolo contendere or by trial
by the court sitting without a jury. Any person who violates this
section shall be subject to appropriate orders of restitution
pursuant to Section 13967 of the Government Code.
(f) Any person who violates paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) and
who has two prior felony convictions for a violation of paragraph (3)
of subdivision (a) shall receive a five-year enhancement in addition
to the sentence provided in subdivision (c). The existence of any
fact that would subject a person to a penalty enhancement shall be
alleged in the information or indictment and either admitted by the
defendant in open court, or found to be true by the jury trying the
issue of guilt or by the court where guilt is established by plea of
guilty or nolo contendere or by trial by the court sitting without a
jury.
(g) Except as otherwise provided in Section 12022.7, any person
who violates paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) shall receive a
two-year enhancement for each person other than an accomplice who
suffers serious bodily injury resulting from the vehicular collision
or accident in a violation of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a).
(h) This section shall not be construed to preclude the
applicability of any other provision of criminal law or equitable
remedy that applies or may apply to any act committed or alleged to
have been committed by a person.
(i) Any fine imposed pursuant to this section shall be doubled if
the offense was committed in connection with any claim pursuant to
any automobile insurance policy in an auto insurance fraud crisis
area designated by the Insurance Commissioner pursuant to Article 4.6
(commencing with Section 1874.90) of Chapter 12 of Part 2 of
Division 1 of the Insurance Code.



551. (a) It is unlawful for any automotive repair dealer,
contractor, or employees or agents thereof to offer to any insurance
agent, broker, or adjuster any fee, commission, profit sharing, or
other form of direct or indirect consideration for referring an
insured to an automotive repair dealer or its employees or agents for
vehicle repairs covered under a policyholder's automobile physical
damage or automobile collision coverage, or to a contractor or its
employees or agents for repairs to or replacement of a structure
covered by a residential or commercial insurance policy.
(b) Except in cases in which the amount of the repair or
replacement claim has been determined by the insurer and the repair
or replacement services are performed in accordance with that
determination or in accordance with provided estimates that are
accepted by the insurer, it is unlawful for any automotive repair
dealer, contractor, or employees or agents thereof to knowingly offer
or give any discount intended to offset a deductible required by a
policy of insurance covering repairs to or replacement of a motor
vehicle or residential or commercial structure. This subdivision
does not prohibit an advertisement for repair or replacement services
at a discount as long as the amount of the repair or replacement
claim has been determined by the insurer and the repair or
replacement services are performed in accordance with that
determination or in accordance with provided estimates that are
accepted by the insurer.
(c) A violation of this section is a public offense. Where the
amount at issue exceeds four hundred dollars ($400), the offense is
punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, or 2 or
3 years, by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000),
or by both that imprisonment and fine; or by imprisonment in a county
jail not to exceed one year, by a fine of not more than one thousand
dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine. In all
other cases, the offense is punishable by imprisonment in a county
jail not to exceed six months, by a fine of not more than one
thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.
(d) Every person who, having been convicted of subdivision (a) or
(b), or Section 7027.3 or former Section 9884.75 of the Business and
Professions Code and having served a term therefor in any penal
institution or having been imprisoned therein as a condition of
probation for that offense, is subsequently convicted of subdivision
(a) or (b), upon a subsequent conviction of one of those offenses,
shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months,
or 2 or 3 years, by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars
($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine; or by imprisonment
in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine of not more than
one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(e) For purposes of this section:
(1) "Automotive repair dealer" means a person who, for
compensation, engages in the business of repairing or diagnosing
malfunctions of motor vehicles.
(2) "Contractor" has the same meaning as set forth in Section 7026
of the Business and Professions Code.

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Trespassing or Loitering Near Posted Industrial
Property


552. This article does not apply to any entry in the course of duty
of any peace or police officer or other duly authorized public
officer, nor does it apply to the lawful use of an established and
existing right of way for public road purposes.




552.1. This article does not prohibit:
(a) Any lawful activity for the purpose of engaging in any
organizational effort on behalf of any labor union, agent, or member
thereof, or of any employee group, or any member thereof, employed or
formerly employed in any place of business or manufacturing
establishment described in this article, or for the purpose of
carrying on the lawful activities of labor unions, or members
thereof.
(b) Any lawful activity for the purpose of investigation of the
safety of working conditions on posted property by a representative
of a labor union or other employee group who has upon his person
written evidence of due authorization by his labor union or employee
group to make such investigation.



553. The following definitions apply to this article only:
(a) "Sign" means a sign not less than one (1) square foot in area
and upon which in letters not less than two inches in height appear
the words "trespassing-loitering forbidden by law," or words
describing the use of the property followed by the words "no
trespassing."
(b) "Posted property" means any property specified in Section 554
which is posted in a manner provided in Section 554.1.
(c) "Posted boundary" means a line running from sign to sign and
such line need not conform to the legal boundary or legal description
of any lot, parcel, or acreage of land, but only the area within the
posted boundary shall constitute posted property, except as
otherwise provided in subdivision (e) of Section 554. 1.



554. Any property, except that portion of such property to which
the general public is accorded access, may be posted against
trespassing and loitering in the manner provided in Section 554.1,
and thereby become posted property subject to the provisions of this
article applicable to posted property, if such property consists of,
or is used, or is designed to be used, for any one or more of the
following:
(a) An oil well, oilfield, tank farm, refinery, compressor plant,
absorption plant, bulk plant, marine terminal, pipeline, pipeline
pumping station, or reservoir, or any other plant, structure, or
works, used for the production, extraction, treatment, handling,
storage, or transportation, of oil, gas, gasoline, petroleum, or any
product or products thereof.
(b) A gas plant, gas storage station, gas meter, gas valve, or
regulator station, gas odorant station, gas pipeline, or
appurtenances, or any other property used in the transmission or
distribution of gas.
(c) A reservoir, dam, generating plant, receiving station,
distributing station, transformer, transmission line, or any
appurtenances, used for the storage of water for the generation of
hydroelectric power, or for the generation of electricity by water or
steam or by any other apparatus or method suitable for the
generation of electricity, or for the handling, transmission,
reception, or distribution of electric energy.
(d) Plant, structures or facilities used for or in connection with
the rendering of telephone or telegraph service or for radio or
television broadcasting.
(e) A water well, dam, reservoir, pumping plant, aqueduct, canal,
tunnel, siphon, conduit, or any other structure, facility, or
conductor for producing, storing, diverting, conserving, treating, or
conveying water.
(f) The production, storage, or manufacture of munitions,
dynamite, black blasting powder, gunpowder, or other explosives.
(g) A railroad right-of-way, railroad bridge, railroad tunnel,
railroad shop, railroad yard, or other railroad facility.
(h) A plant and facility for the collection, pumping,
transmission, treatment, outfall, and disposal of sanitary sewerage
or storm and waste water, including a water pollution or quality
control facility.
(i) A quarry used for the purpose of extracting surface or
subsurface material or where explosives are stored or used for that
purpose.



554.1. Any property described in Section 554 may be posted against
trespassing and loitering in the following manner:
(a) If it is not enclosed within a fence and if it is of an area
not exceeding one (1) acre and has no lineal dimension exceeding one
(1) mile, by posting signs at each corner of the area and at each
entrance.
(b) If it is not enclosed within a fence, and if it is of an area
exceeding one (1) acre, or contains any lineal dimension exceeding
one (1) mile, by posting signs along or near the exterior boundaries
of the area at intervals of not more than 600 feet, and also at each
corner, and, if such property has a definite entrance or entrances,
at each such entrance.
(c) If it is enclosed within a fence and if it is of an area not
exceeding one (1) acre, and has no lineal dimension exceeding one (1)
mile, by posting signs at each corner of such fence and at each
entrance.
(d) If it is enclosed within a fence and if it is of an area
exceeding one (1) acre, or has any lineal dimension exceeding one (1)
mile, by posting signs on, or along the line of, such fence at
intervals of not more than 600 feet, and also at each corner and at
each entrance.
(e) If it consists of poles or towers or appurtenant structures
for the suspension of wires or other conductors for conveying
electricity or telegraphic or telephonic messages or of towers or
derricks for the production of oil or gas, by affixing a sign upon
one or more sides of such poles, towers, or derricks, but such
posting shall render only the pole, tower, derrick, or appurtenant
structure posted property.



555. It is unlawful to enter or remain upon any posted property
without the written permission of the owner, tenant, or occupant in
legal possession or control thereof. Every person who enters or
remains upon posted property without such written permission is
guilty of a separate offense for each day during any portion of which
he enters or remains upon such posted property.



555.1. It is unlawful, without authority, to tear down, deface or
destroy any sign posted pursuant to this article.



555.2. It is unlawful to loiter in the immediate vicinity of any
posted property. This section does not prohibit picketing in such
immediate vicinity or any lawful activity by which the public is
informed of the existence of an alleged labor dispute.




555.3. Violation of any of the provisions of this article is a
misdemeanor.


555.4. The provisions of this article are applicable throughout the
State in all counties and municipalities and no local authority shall
enact or enforce any ordinance in conflict with such provisions.



555.5. If any provision of this article, or the application thereof
to any person or circumstance, is held to be invalid, the remainder
of the article, and the application of such provision to other
persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.
If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this
article is for any reason held to be unconstitutional or invalid,
such decision shall not affect the validity or constitutionality of
the remaining portions of this article. The Legislature hereby
declares that it would have passed this article and each section,
subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase thereof, irrespective of the
fact that one or more of the sections, subsections, sentences,
clauses, or phrases thereof be declared unconstitutional or invalid.
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Property

556. It is a misdemeanor for any person to place or maintain, or
cause to be placed or maintained without lawful permission upon any
property of the State, or of a city or of a county, any sign,
picture, transparency, advertisement, or mechanical device which is
used for the purpose of advertising or which advertises or brings to
notice any person, article of merchandise, business or profession, or
anything that is to be or has been sold, bartered, or given away.



556.1. It is a misdemeanor for any person to place or maintain or
cause to be placed or maintained upon any property in which he has no
estate or right of possession any sign, picture, transparency,
advertisement, or mechanical device which is used for the purpose of
advertising, or which advertises or brings to notice any person,
article of merchandise, business or profession, or anything that is
to be or has been sold, bartered, or given away, without the consent
of the owner, lessee, or person in lawful possession of such property
before such sign, picture, transparency, advertisement, or
mechanical device is placed upon the property.




556.2. Sections 556 and 556.1 do not prevent the posting of any
notice required by law or order of any court, to be posted, nor the
posting or placing of any notice, particularly pertaining to the
grounds or premises upon which the notice is so posted or placed, nor
the posting or placing of any notice, sign, or device used
exclusively for giving public notice of the name, direction or
condition of any highway, street, lane, road or alley.



556.3. Any sign, picture, transparency, advertisement, or
mechanical device placed on any property contrary to the provisions
of Sections 556 and 556.1, is a public nuisance.



556.4. For purposes of this article, information that appears on
any sign, picture, transparency, advertisement, or mechanical device
such as, but not limited to, the following, may be used as evidence
to establish the fact, and may create an inference, that a person or
entity is responsible for the posting of the sign, picture,
transparency, advertisement, or mechanical device:
(a) The name, telephone number, address, or other identifying
information regarding the real estate broker, real estate brokerage
firm, real estate agent, or other person associated with the firm.
(b) The name, telephone number, address, or other identifying
information of the owner or lessee of property used for a commercial
activity or event.
(c) The name, telephone number, address, or other identifying
information of the sponsor or promoter of a sporting event, concert,
theatrical performance, or similar activity or event.

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Trespass on Property Belonging to the University
of California
558. Every person other than an officer, employee or student of the
University of California, or licensee of the Regents of the
University of California, is forbidden to enter upon those lands
bordering on the Pacific Ocean in San Diego County, which were
granted by Section 1 of Chapter 514 of the Statutes of 1929 to the
Regents of the University of California for the uses and purposes of
the University of California in connection with scientific research
and investigation at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, or upon
state waters adjacent thereto, or to trespass upon the same, or to
interfere with the exclusive possession, occupation, and use thereof
by the Regents of the University of California.
Nothing herein contained shall be deemed or construed to affect in
any manner the rights of navigation and fishery reserved to the
people by the Constitution.


558.1. Every person who violates any of the provisions of Section
558 is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be
punished by a fine of not more than six hundred dollars ($600) or by
imprisonment for not more than 30 days, or by both such fine and
imprisonment.
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560. Any bailee, as defined in Section 7102 of the Uniform
Commercial Code, who issues or aids in issuing a document of title,
or any person who secures the issue by a bailee of a document of
title, or any person who negotiates or transfers for value a document
of title knowing that the goods for which such document is issued
have not been actually received by such bailee or are not under his
control at the time of issuing such receipt shall be guilty of a
crime and upon conviction shall be punished for each offense by
imprisonment in the state prison or by a fine not exceeding ten
thousand dollars ($10,000) or by both.



560.1. Any bailee, as defined in Section 7102 of the Uniform
Commercial Code, who fraudulently issues or aids in fraudulently
issuing a receipt for goods knowing that it contains any false
statement shall be guilty of a crime and upon conviction shall be
punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding one year or
by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by both.



560.2. Any bailee, as defined in Section 7102 of the Uniform
Commercial Code, who delivers goods out of the possession of such
bailee knowing that a negotiable document of title the negotiation of
which would transfer the right to the possession of such goods is
outstanding and uncanceled without obtaining possession of such
document at or before the time for such delivery shall, except for
the cases in Sections 7210, 7308, 7601 and 7602 of the Uniform
Commercial Code, be guilty of a crime and upon conviction shall be
punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding one year or
by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by both.




560.3. Any person who deposits goods with a bailee, as defined in
Section 7102 of the Uniform Commercial Code, to which he has not
title or upon which there is a security interest and who takes for
such goods a negotiable document of title which he afterwards
negotiates for value with intent to deceive and without disclosing
his want of title or the existence of the security interest shall be
guilty of a crime, and upon conviction shall be punished for such
offense by imprisonment not exceeding one year or by a fine not
exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by both.



560.4. Any bailee, as defined in Section 7102 of the Uniform
Commercial Code, who issues or aids in issuing a duplicate or
additional negotiable document of title for goods knowing that a
former negotiable document of title for the same goods or any part
of them is outstanding and uncanceled without plainly placing upon
the face thereof the word "duplicate," except in cases of bills in a
set and documents issued as substitutes for lost, stolen or destroyed
documents, shall be guilty of a crime and upon conviction shall be
punished for each offense by imprisonment in the state prison or by a
fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or by both.




560.5. Where there are deposited with or held by a warehouseman
goods of which he is owner either solely or jointly or in common with
others such warehouseman or any of his officers, agents, or servants
who knowing of this ownership issues or aids in issuing a negotiable
document of title for such goods which does not state such
ownership, shall be guilty of a crime and upon conviction shall be
punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding one year or
by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by both.



560.6. (1) A corporation, firm, or person, and its or his agents or
employees shall not issue, sell, pledge, assign, or transfer in this
State any receipt, certificate, or other written instrument
purporting to be a warehouse receipt, or in the similitude of a
warehouse receipt, or designed to be understood as a warehouse
receipt, for goods, wares, or merchandise stored or deposited, or
claimed to be stored or deposited, in any warehouse, public or
private, in any other state, unless such receipt, certificate, or
other written instrument has been issued by the warehouseman
operating such warehouse.
(2) A corporation, firm, or person, and its or his agents or
employees shall not issue, sell, pledge, assign, or transfer in this
State any receipt, certificate, or other written instrument for
goods, wares, or merchandise claimed to be stored or deposited, in
any warehouse, public or private, in any other state, knowing that
there is no such warehouse located at the place named in such
receipt, certificate, or other written instrument, or if there is a
warehouse at such place knowing that there are no goods, wares, or
merchandise stored or deposited therein as specified in such receipt,
certificate, or other written instrument.
(3) A corporation, firm, or person, and its or his agents or
employees shall not issue, sign, sell, pledge, assign, or transfer in
this State any receipt, certificate, or other written instrument
evidencing, or purporting to evidence, the creation of a security
interest in, or sale, or bailment, of any goods, wares, or
merchandise stored or deposited, or claimed to be stored or
deposited, in any warehouse, public or private, in any other state,
unless such receipt, certificate, or other written instrument plainly
designates the number and location of such warehouse and contains a
full, true, and complete copy of the receipt issued by the
warehouseman operating the warehouse in which such goods, wares, or
merchandise is stored or deposited, or is claimed to be stored or
deposited. This section shall not apply to the issue, signing, sale,
pledge, assignment, or transfer of bona fide warehouse receipts
issued by the warehouseman operating public or bonded warehouses in
other states according to the laws of the state in which such
warehouses are located.
(4) Every corporation, firm, person, agent, or employee, who
knowingly violates any of the provisions of this section is guilty of
a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not less than fifty dollars ($50)
nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), and may in addition be
imprisoned in the county jail for not exceeding six months.

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