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Abstract:
At the end we discussed this on limiting use of land mine in the international law rules. We have but to note down the conclusion of what we come to, that the first use of anti-personnel mines was in the World War 2. Its military effect brought woes and destruction to man line ever after the war came to an end.
The study concluded to identification of mine, its kinds, properties, and its distinction from other similar weapons ad its international terms, so that the researcher can determine the scientific method of studying the subject clearly.
The message concluded that the rules of using land mines in the international law clearly shows the effect of using land mines to persons. Medical, health psychic and social effects were shown to hinder individual activity. And disturb his normal and affect his development activity on earth.
The dissertation also pointed to the effect of mines at the level of states and governments which are suffering from their existence. They hinder development progress of these countries at all political, economic, social and environmental levels.
The dissertation also concluded that 1980 agreement came into existence in the international law in order to organize production and spread of such mines. The study was partly devoted to study the rules of the agreement which called for banning attack on the citizens and use of mines by remote . It came with arrangements for use of mines such as fencing the mine fields and putting signals determining the presence of mine fields and giving prior notice. They are considered to be the minimum measures to prevent the use of anti-personnel mines . Such measures are considered to be positive in preventing the use of anti-personnel mines. The study also touched into aspects of power in the agreement.
On the other hand the study reached the rules which were contained in the protocols annexed to the agreement of 1980. and their amendments, whether those related to pieces which could be uncovered, and concerning banning of traps and limitation of their use,l and those related to limitation of burning weapons. It clearly appeared that these protocols had slightly contributed to limitation of the use of mines in the international law. . They came out in several forms but were incomplete and mysterious. To avoid these defects, a number of amendments were made to some of the rules of these protocols and the agreement itself. They participated more effectively in this field.
Concerning the section concerned with studying the international efforts to impose ban on use of anti-personnel mines and the position of the Republic of Yemen towards them , concern it summarized in the rules which were contained in; the Ottawa Agreement , 1997, as an original agreement that was concerned with full ban of a certain kind of weapons. It was concerned with the study represented in anti-personnel mines. .
The summary contents of this agreement was that the world organizations had had largest effect motivating the world community to reach solution to the sufferings represented in the traces of the anti-personnel mines. These organizations called for holding a number of conferences and international symposiums on legal aspects. They came out with recommendations which were represented in holding an international founding conference in which rules and items of the ban were reviewed. The conference came out with an invitation to the states to sign Ottawa Convention .
This agreement contained definitions and terms of the banned mines, and the obligations by the states , and an invitation to bring about international cooperation to assist the victims of the mines and victims of compliance with the agreement and implementation of the obligations , effect and amendment of the agreement.
The study touched into aspects of power and weakness as it is the case with any international effort. The agreement did not touch into aspects of international responsibility which is real guarantee for implementation of the agreement. In the light of this, the study concluded that the responsibility applied in this aspect is subjected to the general rules in aspects of the international responsibility concerning amendment for damages incurred by presence of such anti-personnel mines.
Regarding Yemen’s efforts, the dissertation concluded that the Republic of Yemen made considerable activity in this aspect. It was pioneer in attending conferences and preliminary symposiums and courses of Ottawa agreement course, as well as signing and approval of Ottawa agreement , 1997.
It also started making national legislations which ban anti-personnel mines . Such laws were either dealing with the subject directly or indirectly.. Most important being law number (25) of 2005 related to banning anti-personnel mines . They came in application of the rules of the agreement. This is as positive aspect of development of legal legislation. The international legislations were applicable as an national law and in harmony with it.. They provided for penal aspects and arrangements to those who try to offend the rules of this law.
In addition to the law number (48) of 1994, concerning criminal codes and punishments, which is considered to be general rules for invoking any punishment not mentioned I in law number (25) of 2005,l concerning ban of use of anti-personnel mines.
The study also highlighted an independent branch in addition to the practical measures taken by the Republic of Yemen in this regard.
It could be briefly said in this study is that it controlled a number of inferences and recommendations as follows:-
1.Anti-personnel mines are enemies of mankind with all its age groups and nationality, in view of their destructive effects to persons and the state. They affect development in the world community as a whole
2.The 1980 agreement was the starting point in the banning of and limitation of the use of anti-personnel mines. However, it touched into the subject in general and did not pu t accurate ban. It contained ban rules with exceptions which underrated the importance of the ban,
3.the amended protocol of the agreement of 1996 came to avoid defects and shortcoming in which f1980 fell. But it did not comprehend all rules of the ban. The band contained adverse aspects due to many exceptions and non-confidence in limitation of anti-personnel mines.
4.Ottawa agreement of 1997 was the first agreement on banning anti-personnel mines and destruction of their stock. This is the aspect of power in it. But it contained exceptions which underrated its importance relatively .
5.The Republic of Yemen was the first Arab country to sign Ottawa agreement , 1997. It was a good initiative, because it was the first in the region to implement the rules of the agreement whether in term of destruction or survey of victims and mine fields in its land.
6.The Yemen law number (25) of 2005, concerning ban of use of anti-personnel mines is a virtual interpretation of the intentions of Ottawa agreement of 1997 in the Republic of Yemen, although it did not escape some technical defects. It did not determine the authority concerned with implementation of its rules and the responsibility incurred from the implementation of its rules.
7.The Yemeni efforts are going on steadily in scientific field to free the lands of the Republic of Yemen from mines. This took place within a short period not exceeding 2009, in implementation of the agreement which stipulated nine years of operation.
Recommendations:
1.To call on the world community to make more efforts to eliminate the traces of anti-personnel mines by setting up concerned organization to contain various traces of the negative effects of the mines.
2.To revise the rules of the agreement of 1980 and overlook the complicated rules in order to attract attention of the states to approve them without any reservation , and to revise the rules of the protocols concerning them, at government conference which are simple free from complications.
3.To call on the concerned to create a protocol for anti-tank and anti-vehicle mines and other explosive weapons, which are not less dangerous than anti-personnel mines.
4.to revise the rules of Ottawa Agreement 1997, to avoid shortcomings in it.
5.to call for creation of an international organization that looks after implementation of Ottawa agreement rules and punish those violate its rules.
6.to call on the House of Deputies and the Shura Council and council of ministers in the Republic of Yemen to complete legislative and executive arrangements of the rules of law Number (25) of 2005, concerning ban on use of anti-personnel mines.
7.To call for activation of the role of the government and local societies to motivate their role in assisting and rehabilitating the victims of mines at national, regional, and internationals level.
Finally I praise God who assisted me in completing this research which is a gist of my ideas. I urged others to continue efforts and enrich this aspect.



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