criminologyscience
(summarizing chapter 1)
Definition of criminology
Criminology is the scientific study of crime as an individual and social phenomena.
- but for penology: it includes social and governmental regulations and reactions to crime.
Definition of crime
there are 3 definitions of crime
- -legal concept: a crime is an act forbidden and made punishable by the law.
- -criminological concept: it must meet 5 conditions A) Act must be intentional. B) Act must be voluntary. C) Competent age. D)Knowledge. E) Act may be done by malice or by negligence.
- -from the view of positivist and classical schools: a crime is an act that violates the basic values and beliefs of society.
MALA IN SE:natural laws rooted in core values shared by many cultures which & form basis of common law systems. e.g (murder, larceny)
Mala prohibita: statues are enacted by legislatures which reflect cultural mores, e.g (laws that prohibit gambling).
concerning to the view of neoclassical school: men are free to choose criminal conduct or not although it made certain exceptions. .
